Spanish Poetry: Civil War to Present Day
**Spanish Poetry: Civil War to Present Day**
**1. Miguel Hernández (Civil War Lyric)**
This is not the generation of poets of ’27 and avant-garde poets.
Themes:
- Love, woman, and son.
- Pain and death: Personal experiences cause suffering and war, whose highest expression is death.
- Life and a better future: Hope.
Stages:
- 1st stage: The Lightning That Doesn’t Stop: The main theme is the inability to fully love. Written in sonnets, it contains Ramon Sijé Elegy (theme: friendship), uses composition and sonnet
Theater and Post-War Literature: Scenarios, Styles, and Key Authors
Theater
- Lighting Scenarios:
- Realistic – Commercial, realism, naturalness, character actor
- Politico – Changing society (Almnes: Erwin Piscator and Bertolt Brecht)
- Of Cruelty – Evils protest against the world (text, music or gestures) unpleasant pictures. (Alfred Jarry, Antonin Artaud)
- Psychological – Psychological burden of characters trying to transmit things. (Henrik Ibsen)
- Theater of the Absurd – Reflects the absurdity of human existence (incoherent characters, illogical situations) (Luigi Pirandello,
Artistic Movements: Avant-Garde, Novel, and Generation of ’27
Vanguards: Artistic Movements
Also known as “isms,” these movements rejected traditional art forms, advocating experimentation with new themes and expressions. Key movements include:
- Creationism: Hispanic, focused on creating reality within the artwork itself, employing language games.
- Surrealism: Of French origin, aimed to express emotions and subconscious thoughts.
New Novel of the Century
Alongside avant-garde movements, a revolution in novel form and content emerged in Europe:
- Marcel Proust: Analyzed
Cinema and Postwar Catalan Poetry: A Historical Look
Cinema: Its Birth and Evolution
FILM: Born in 1895. The Lumière brothers presented their seventh Lumière cinema. Their first film had a documentary goal. Later, Georges Méliès began using film to tell fictional stories. In 1927, sound and color were incorporated, and film evolved further. Film combines visual and auditory elements (dialogue, music, and sounds).
- Subjective Camera: Alternates between a general shot and a shot from the character’s point of view.
- Voice-over: A character talks about
Alvaro Cunqueiro and Anxeles Bellows: Galician Literature
Alvaro Cunqueiro’s Narrative
In the novels and short stories by Alvaro Cunqueiro, we find an originalísima mixture of reality and fantasy. In each of his books, fantastic characters coexist with other facts that might well be part of everyday life.
The characters of his works are, in many cases, the old myths of other cultures. So, in Merlin and Family, the protagonist is the same wizard Merlin who accompanied King Arthur in their legendary adventures. In If the Old Sinbad Returned to the Islands,
Read MoreGeneration of ’98: Spanish Literature in Crisis
Generation of ’98
The Generation of ’98 emerged from three circumstances:
- The political, economic, and moral crisis in Spain in the late 19th century.
- The exhaustion of narrative forms of the realistic and naturalistic movements.
- Foreign influence on the thinking of writers.
For these reasons, the writers expressed their protest against the decadent habits of Spanish society and proposed a complete overhaul of its social and moral behavior. All authors developed a neo-Romantic ideal of character. Idealism
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