Spanish Literature: Authors and Works from Middle Ages to Present
Spanish Literature: Authors and Works from the Middle Ages to the Present
Middle Ages
- **Gonzalo de Berceo:** *Milagros de Nuestra Señora*
- **Juan Ruiz, Arcipreste de Hita:** *Libro de buen amor*
Golden Age (15th-17th Centuries)
- **Fernando de Rojas:** *La Celestina (Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea)*
- **Garcilaso de la Vega:** *Églogas*
- **Gutierre de Cetina:** *Madrigal*
- **Alonso de Ercilla y Zúñiga:** *La Araucana*
- **Fray Luis de León:** *Nombres de Cristo*
- **Francisco de Quevedo:** *Sueños*, *El Buscón*
Roman Theater: From Ancient Greece to Renaissance Influence
The Origins of Roman Theater
In ancient Greece, the term drama designated a literary genre that included comedy, tragedy, and satirical drama. Traditionally, Livius Andronicus is considered the introducer of the genre in Rome. He was the first author to represent a tragedy translated from Greek in the Ludi Romani of 240 BC. In Rome, the theater was always considered a show, and representations took place in the context of large public festivals, such as the Ludi Romani, organized in September in
Read MoreSpanish Literature: 1930s to 1970s – Trends and Key Poets
Spanish Literature: 1930s to 1970s
The 1930s: Rehumanization and Commitment
In the 1930s, avant-garde experimentation gave way to the rehumanization of literature, with writers taking on a greater commitment as intellectuals. The theme of death was no longer treated as an abstract concept but as the death of a loved one, as seen in Federico García Lorca’s Lament for Ignacio Sánchez Mejías. Literature became increasingly popular. New trends in poetry emerged, influenced by Pablo Neruda, who impacted
Read MoreSpanish Poets: Cernuda, Hernández, Alberti, and Salinas
Luis Cernuda
Stage of learning: Early poems express solitude before nature. Discovery of unfulfilled love (eclogue, elegy, ode) has romantic influence from Bécquer, Salinas, and Fray.
Stage of youth: Adopts and exploits surrealism. A rebellious and subversive poet. A river, love, search for the unknown. The forbidden pleasures: vindication of his homosexuality. Invocations: A set of 10 long poems, it celebrates passion and final disappointment. Nature becomes a refuge. It develops the theme of religiosity
Read MorePantheon and Maison Carrée: Roman Imperial Temples
The Pantheon
The Pantheon is a temple of the early second century, built in the Roman imperial style. The materials used are concrete, granite, marble, brick, and wood. It is located in the Field of Mars in Rome. The name means “Temple of all the Gods.” The dedication of the initial construction was carried out by Agrippa, a Roman politician and general. In the year 80 AD, a fire destroyed almost the entire temple. It was restored and rebuilt by Hadrian in the early second century AD.
The gigantic
Read MoreThe Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire: Culture, Conquest, and Legacy
Rome and its Empire
The history of Rome unfolded in three main stages:
Etruscan Monarchy
Initially, the Italian Peninsula was inhabited by various peoples. Around 753 BC, the Etruscans imposed their rule, forcing the primitive inhabitants into submission. The first king of Rome was Romulus. The Romans disliked the Etruscans.
Roman Republic
Around 509 BC, the subjugated peoples, including the Latins, rebelled against the Etruscans. This led to the establishment of a republic, governed by magistrates and
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