Understanding Textual Cohesion and Word Structure in Language
Textual Adaptation and Coherence
Adaptation
Adaptation determines whether the text suits the communicative circumstances surrounding the communicative act.
Mutual Consistency
Mutual consistency is the property of text that creates unity of meaning, ensuring the text discusses related or interconnected ideas.
Cohesion
Cohesion refers to the linguistic devices used in a text to connect its parts and create a consistent whole.
Cohesive Devices
Repetition
Repetition involves repeating linguistic elements within
Read MoreEffective Communication in the Workplace: Strategies and Techniques
Communication
Definition: The process by which a person (the sender) conveys a message to a recipient to achieve a certain goal.
Elements of Communication
- Message: The information, ideas, or feelings conveyed through gestures, looks, postures, or other means.
- Code: The set of symbols or signs used to express the message (e.g., verbal language, both oral and written).
- Sender: The one who initiates the message with an expected reaction from the receiver.
- Channel: The medium through which the message is
The Young Language Learner: A Guide to Teaching Children
The Young Language Learner
Understanding Child Development
This chapter discusses children considered intellectually normal and covers the most important years in their development. It explores the differences between children of various ages and explains how children develop at different paces and in unique ways. It emphasizes that developmental milestones cannot be fixed to specific ages, as individual variations exist. The chapter then focuses on two age groups:
Five to Seven Years Old
At this stage,
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Elements of the Communication Process
Sender: The person who initiates the message.
Message: The information or ideas being conveyed.
Channel: The medium used for transmission (e.g., air, magazine, newspaper).
Code: The system of signs understood by both sender and receiver (e.g., words, gestures, pictures).
Receiver: The person who receives and decodes the message.
Context: The circumstances surrounding the communication, influencing interpretation.
Feedback: The receiver’s response, indicating understanding.
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Meta-Meaning of All Words
Reference: Giving information on the context.
Phatic: Start conversation.
Appellate: Requires a response.
Estetica: Graces the tongue.
Emotive: It expresses something.
Levels of Language: Vulgar, colloquial, formal, academic, religious, CENTIF – technical.
Description: Written technique allows us to express what we observe.
Objective: Information – plenty of adjectives.
Subjective: Beauty – little use of verbs.
Description Describes:
- Pictorial: Static.
- Panoramic: Static –
Verbal and Written Communication
Communication
Communication is the transmission of information from a point of origin to a point of arrival. Verbal language is the principal instrument of human communication in all its forms and is key to coexistence.
Key Components of Communication
- Transmitter: Transmits the information.
- Receiver: Receives information and interprets it.
- Message: The information being transmitted.
- Channel: The natural or artificial vehicle for transmitting the message.
- Code: The set of signs and rules forming the message.