Spanish Civil War Timeline: 1936-1939

Posted by on Jan 28, 2025 in International Relations | 0 comments

1936

1936
  • February: Popular Front victory in general elections.
  • April: Catalan politicians released from prison and return to government.
  • April: Murder of the Badia brothers by the FAI.
  • May: Manuel Azaña becomes President.
  • July 12: Murder of Lieutenant Castillo.
  • July 13: Murder of Calvo Sotelo.
  • July 17-18: Military uprising against the Republic: Spanish Civil War begins.
  • July 18: Failure of the military uprising. Resignation of Casares Quiroga, a lightning government under Martínez Barrio, and formation
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Spain’s Transition to Democracy: 1975-1976

Posted by on Jan 27, 2025 in International Relations | 0 comments

November 22: Juan Carlos I Sworn In as King

On November 22, Juan Carlos I swore before the Courts as the new king. While his speech disappointed those who longed for a message of openness, it launched a very strong message, clearly aligned with political change.

The Monarchy’s Plan for Political Change

In November 1975, the environment of the monarch already had a rough design of what should be the process of political change. The aim was to make changes from within the very legality of the fundamental

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Transitology: Understanding Democratic Transitions

Posted by on Jan 26, 2025 in International Relations | 0 comments

Transitology

Transitology deals with two ideas. It is a reaction against the determinism of the other two schools, understood as if certain conditions are presented, fixed consequences are inevitable. It emphasizes agency over structure and focuses on the motives and circumstances that trigger industrialization and modernization, including the consideration of individual actors. A potential danger is overestimating the importance of the role of individuals over large social groups.

Criticism: Transitology’

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Spanish Legislation: Constitutional, Administrative, and Regional Laws

Posted by on Jan 25, 2025 in International Relations | 0 comments

Key Spanish Legislation

Constitutional and Organic Laws

  • LO (Organic Law) 2/79, October 3: Constitutional Court.
  • LO 3/81, April 6: Ombudsman.
  • Modification of LO 2/92, March 5.
  • LO 4/81, June 1: States of Alarm, Exception, and Siege.
  • LO 5/85, June 19: General Electoral Regime. Incompatibilities of Deputies and Senators, Constitutional Court members, senior administration officials (except government members), Ombudsman, Magistrates, Judges, Prosecutors, and active military personnel.
  • LO 6/85, July 1: Judiciary.
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Understanding the Spanish Parliament: Dissolution, Composition, and Powers

Posted by on Jan 23, 2025 in International Relations | 0 comments

Dissolution of the Spanish Cortes Generales

The dissolution of the Cortes Generales can occur for several reasons:

  • Relationship with the Government: The Prime Minister, after deliberation by the Council of Ministers, may propose the dissolution of the Parliament to be decreed by the King.
  • Constitutional Requirements:
    • Expiration of the legislature: Within four years, the expired Courts will be dissolved, and a call for general elections will be issued immediately.
    • Constitutional reform: When proposing
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European and American Revolutions: 1820-1848

Posted by on Jan 23, 2025 in International Relations | 0 comments

Attempts to Return to the Old Regimen

A conference was held in Vienna with Austria, Russia, and Prussia in attendance. The goals were to create a new map of Europe and establish a new political system, ideologically driven by the Holy Alliance.

A New Map of Europe

The new map of Europe was justified by Napoleon’s defeat but resulted from the interests of countries like Austria, Prussia, Russia, and England.

The Holy Alliance

Initially, the Holy Alliance was a statement without a clear political commitment.

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