Microcontrollers, Robotics, and Circuit Analysis

Posted by on Dec 19, 2025 in Industrial Electronics and Automation Engineering | 0 comments

Microcontrollers and Robotics Fundamentals

Microcontrollers vs. Personal Computers

147: A microcontroller is a programmable integrated circuit on a single chip that incorporates all the basic functions of a computer, including the processing unit, memory, and input/output peripherals. It essentially functions as a computer with limited capabilities on a single chip. It differs from a Personal Computer (PC) in several key ways:

  • Microcontrollers are cheaper and have lower power consumption (allowing
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BJT Configurations: Characteristics of CB, CE, and CC Modes

Posted by on Nov 19, 2025 in Industrial Electronics and Automation Engineering | 0 comments

Common Base (CB) Transistor Configuration

Circuit Description

In the Common Base (CB) configuration, the input is applied between the Emitter (E) and Base (B), and the output is taken between the Collector (C) and Base (B). The Base terminal is common to both the input and output. For active region operation, the emitter-base junction is forward-biased, and the collector-base junction is reverse-biased.

Input Characteristics

  • Definition: A graph of Emitter Current (IE) versus Emitter-Base Voltage (VEB)
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