Carbohydrates: Fueling Your Body & Health Impacts
Carbohydrates: Fueling Your Body
The primary function of carbohydrates in the body is to provide energy. Fructose, galactose, and glucose are examples of monosaccharides, not polysaccharides.
Understanding Sweetness and Blood Sugar
The sweetness in a banana comes mostly from fructose and sucrose. A blood glucose level of 60 mg/dL is considered to be representative of hypoglycemia. In comparison with table sugar (sucrose), honey tastes sweeter because it contains fructose.
Dietary Choices and Carbohydrate
Baby Nutrition and Feeding Milestones (0-12 Months)
Alimentation from 0 to 14 Months
Breastfeeding (0-14 months):
- Provides the ideal amount of protein to meet the organism’s needs.
- Reduces the risk of allergies or intolerances.
- Fats promote healthy brain development, prevent high cholesterol, and protect against chronic conditions.
- Adequate amounts of mineral salts help avoid water retention and prevent anemia.
- The Q-factor improves the defenses of the digestive tract.
- Promotes close contact between mother and baby, affecting emotional and psychological
Lipid Metabolism: Key Processes & Diseases
Lipid Metabolism
1. In the human body, synthesis of fatty acids occurs in:
c. Adipocytes
2. The critical process of emulsification of dietary lipids occurs:
b. In the duodenum
3. Cholesteryl esters are hydrolyzed by:
e. Answers C and D are correct
4. The role of bile in the digestion of triglycerides is:
a. Emulsification of fat drops to droplets
5. Beta-oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) occurs in:
e. There is no correct answer
6. Fatty acids are NOT:
c. Associated with proteins in membranes
7.
Read MoreCardiovascular Health: Risk Factors, Diet, and Protein Metabolism
Cardiovascular Disease: Risk Factors and Prevention
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
- Hypertension
- Age: Over 55 years for males, over 65 years for females
- Diabetes
- Increased LDL cholesterol (or low HDL cholesterol)
- Estimated glomerular filtration rate below 60 mL/min
- Family history of premature CVD
- Obesity
- Physical inactivity
- Microalbuminuria
- Snuff consumption (cigarettes)
Dietary Recommendations for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction
- Balance calorie intake and physical activity to obtain and/or maintain
Human Digestive System: Ingestion to Egestion
The Alimentary Canal
The alimentary canal is a long tube that forms part of the digestive system, along with the liver and pancreas. Key features include:
- Peristalsis: The movement of muscles that contract and relax to propel food along the canal.
- Sphincter Muscles: Specialized muscles that close off sections of the tube.
- Mucus: A substance produced in goblet cells that helps food slide easily.
Ingestion
The process begins in the mouth with the teeth, lips, and tongue. Saliva plays a crucial role:
- Water
Understanding Different Diet Types and Their Applications
Normal Baseline Diet
Content: Daily average (g) Protein 110, Lipids 85, Carbohydrates 340. Dietary Fiber: 25g (Balanced); modest reduction in animal fats and salt, high fiber, high protein intake. Nutrient content exceeds the usual necessities.
Suitable for:
- In its variant without soluble sugars, it is suitable for diabetic patients not requiring specific dietary restriction.
- In the variant without salt, some canned food and industrial products that contain salt are removed.
- In the variant with salt,