Vitamins and Fruits: Types, Benefits, and Deficiencies
Vitamins and Fruits: A Nutritional Overview
The term “vitamins” was coined in 1912 by Casimir Funk to describe essential food accessory factors necessary for life.
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
A, D, E, K
Water-Soluble Vitamins
B1, B2, B6, B12, C, niacin, biotin, folic acid, pantothenic acid.
Fruits: An Edible Delight
Fruits are edible products obtained from cultivated or wild plants.
Types of Fruits
- Stone Fruit: Peach
- Pome Fruit: Pear and apple
- Grains: Fig and strawberry
- Fresh Fruit: Consumed immediately or within
Proteins and Amino Acids: Sources and Requirements
Proteins and Amino Acids: Dietary Sources, Allowances, Deficiency, and Risks
Background:
- Proteins are polymer chains made of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
- The most important aspect and defining characteristic of protein, from a nutritional standpoint, is its amino acid composition.
- 1g of protein = 4kcal.
- Physiology:
- Proteins are broken down in the stomach during digestion by enzymes known as proteases into smaller polypeptides to provide amino acids for the body.
Amino Acids
- Amino acids
Digestive Glands: Types, Functions, and Digestive Process
Digestive glands are a set of glands responsible for producing digestive juices needed for the chemical digestion of food in the digestive tract. These glands include the salivary glands, gastric glands, intestinal glands, liver, and pancreas.
Gastric and intestinal glands are numerous, very tiny, and located in the inner wall of the stomach and intestines, respectively. The salivary glands, liver, and pancreas are located outside the digestive tract and pour their secretions into it through ducts.
Read MoreMeat Composition and Processing
Meat: Composition and Characteristics
Connective Tissue Proteins
Collagen:
- The main representative of connective tissue, also found in skin and bones.
- Contains glycine (30%), proline, and hydroxyproline (25%), conferring rigidity and strength.
- Its basic unit is tropocollagen, a helical structure consisting of 3 chains.
- Features a crystal structure, which might be related to rigidity and resistance to mastication. These features increase with the animal’s age due to an increased number of links.
- Easily
Nutritional Deficiencies, Diabetes, and Biomolecules
Nutritional Deficiencies
Nutritional Oedema
- It results from a long-continued loss of protein and usually occurs in famine areas. Protein deficiency in adults is very rare.
- Deficiency symptoms include weight loss, reduced fat, infections, frequent loose stools, delayed wound healing, and oedema.
- Consuming soybeans, milk, eggs, and other nutritious foods can cure protein deficiency syndrome in adults.
Marasmus
- It is a disease of infants below one year of age.
- Its cause is protein and carbohydrate or other
Nutritional Facts and Thermogenesis in Human Health
Key Nutritional Facts and Their Implications
Here’s a review of essential nutritional concepts and their impact on health:
- Food composition tables allow for the calculation of nutrient intake, which implies a certain amount of food. True
- Nutrients are involved in the prevention and development of pathologies. True
Thermogenesis and Its Role in Metabolism
Thermogenesis is the body’s ability to generate heat due to metabolic reactions. Heat dissipation balances this internal generation, resulting in thermal
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