Understanding the Hip Joint: Anatomy, Function, and Conditions
The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint that connects the pelvis to the femur (thigh bone). It is one of the largest and most stable joints in the human body, allowing for a wide range of motion while supporting body weight during activities like walking, running, and sitting.
Anatomy of the Hip Joint
Bones:
- Femur (Thigh Bone): The head of the femur forms the ball of the joint.
- Pelvis: The acetabulum, a cup-shaped cavity in the pelvic bone, forms the socket.
Cartilage:
- Articular Cartilage: Covers the
Lower Limb Muscle Anatomy, Joints, and Neuroglia Details
Lower Limb Muscle Anatomy
| Name | Origin | Insertion | Action | Innervation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fibularis Longus (Peroneus Longus) | Proximal lateral fibula, lateral condyle of tibia | Base of first metatarsal, medial cuneiform | Eversion and plantarflexion of foot | Superficial fibular nerve |
| Fibularis Brevis (Peroneus Brevis) | Distal lateral fibula | Base of fifth metatarsal | Eversion and plantarflexion of foot | Superficial fibular nerve |
| Tibialis Anterior | Lateral condyle and proximal tibia, interosseous membrane | Medial cuneiform, base of first metatarsal | Dorsiflexion |
Understanding Muscle Contraction Types, Strength, and Fatigue
Types of Muscle Contraction
Isotonic Contractions
Isotonic contractions occur when muscle fibers contract and change length. They are divided into two types:
Concentric Contractions
A concentric contraction happens when a muscle develops enough tension to overcome resistance, causing it to shorten and move a body part against that resistance.
Eccentric Contractions
An eccentric contraction occurs when the resistance is greater than the tension exerted by the muscle, causing the muscle to lengthen under
Read MoreHuman Skeleton: Structure, Function, and Divisions
The Human Skeleton: Structure, Function, and Divisions
The skeleton performs several crucial functions:
- Support and Shape: It supports and shapes the body.
- Protection: It protects vital organs.
- Movement: It allows movement through muscle attachments.
Bone Classification
Bones are classified based on their size and shape:
- Long Bones: These bones, such as the humerus and femur, have a length that exceeds their width and thickness.
- Flat Bones: Flat bones, like the shoulder blade and ribs, have length and
Comprehensive Guide to Bones, Joints, and Muscles
- Osteoblasts become surrounded by the extracellular matrix (ECM) and become trapped within a lacuna.
- Thin, broad bones are classified as flat bones.
- All of the following components are associated with the organic matrix except hydroxyapatite.
- Perforating canals run perpendicular to the osteons.
- In bones that have ceased to grow in length, the only cartilage that remains is the articular cartilage on the epiphyses of bones.
- Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of yellow marrow to red marrow.
Meat Quality: Composition, Muscle Tissue, and Rigor Mortis
Meat Composition and Muscle Tissue Properties
1. Meat Composition: Water, Protein, and Fat
In cattle, meat composition typically consists of:
- Protein: 20-22%
- Water: 70-73%
- Lipids (Fat): 4-8%
Intramuscular fat is characterized by a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids.
2. Four Types of Tissue
The four primary types of tissue are:
- Epithelial: Skin
- Connective: Blood and bone connective tissue
- Nervous
- Muscular:
- Smooth or involuntary (bowel and stomach)
- Striated involuntary or cardiac (heart)
- Voluntary or striated