Franco’s Spain: Foreign Policy and Autarky (1939-1950s)
Franco’s Foreign Policy: From Isolation to International Recognition
A few months after the end of the Spanish Civil War, the Second World War broke out. Franco, initially secure in the triumph of the Axis powers, joined the Anti-Comintern Pact, left the League of Nations, and declared neutrality. Spain’s dire domestic situation prevented active intervention. In 1941, Spain’s status changed from neutral to non-belligerent, providing logistical support to German ships, submarines, and planes. With
Read MoreMughal Empire: Policies, Administration, and Mansabdari System
Mughal policy encompasses a wide range of strategies and practices implemented by Mughal emperors to govern their vast empire in India. This period, spanning from the early 16th century to the 18th century, was marked by significant developments in administration, economy, culture, and military. Here’s a detailed exploration of key aspects of Mughal policy:
1. Centralized Administration
The Mughal Empire was known for its strong centralized administration. The emperor held absolute power and was
Read MoreSpanish Civil War: Phase 1A Military and Political Analysis
Phase 1A: (July 1936 – September 1936)
This phase is characterized by the dispersion of powers. Within the Republican faction, there is a subgroup with a set of criteria, but ultimately a dispersion of power.
Military Operations
Nationalist Forces:
- Battle of Lvun: Aimed to isolate the north of France.
- Battle/Campaign Bangkok: To unite two Nationalist areas.
- Granada-Cordoba Battle: To link two isolated cities.
All of these operations were successful, resulting in a link between Cordoba and Granada, and
Read MoreWorld War II: Key Events and Timeline (1938-1945)
World War II: Key Events (1938-1945)
Key events leading up to and during World War II:
- Annexation of Austria (1938) and Sudetenland (late 1938)
- 1939: Non-Aggression Pact between Germany and the USSR (Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact)
- September 1, 1939: Invasion of the Danzig Corridor and declaration of war by Great Britain and France on September 3, 1939
German Dominance (1939-1941)
- Invasion of Poland: Completed in less than a month, with territory shared with the USSR (Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact)
- Spring 1940: Invasion
Key Figures in Spanish History: Dato, Iglesias, and More
Key Figures in Spanish History
Eduardo Dato (1856-1921)
Lawyer who devoted himself to conservative politics. He joined and was mayor of Madrid. His term coincided with World War I and the revolutionary crisis. After the government initiated social legislation, an attack ended his life.
Pablo Iglesias (1850-1925)
Began his political career in 1869 as a member of the AIT, participating as a delegate at the congress of Zaragoza. He fully immersed himself in the New Madrid Federation Marxist movement. In
Read MoreFrench Revolution Stages and Napoleonic Era: Key Events
The French Revolution: Key Stages
Privileged Revolt (1780)
Grave economic situation; the people could not pay taxes.
National Assembly (1789-1791)
- Bastille Day – July 14, 1789
- Abolition of feudalism – August 4, 1789
- Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen – August 26, 1789
- Civil Constitution of the Clergy – 1790
- Constitution of 1791 (Monarchy, division of powers, and census suffrage)
Problems:
- The Pope condemns religious and clergy division between sworn and non-sworn.
- Political problem of emigrants.
- Problem