Spain Under Primo de Rivera: 1923-1930
Primo de Rivera’s Dictatorship (1923-1930)
Introduction
On September 13, 1923, General Miguel Primo de Rivera declared a state of war and demanded the handover of power. After several hours, King Alfonso XIII accepted the establishment of a new government formed exclusively by the military, and the crown became attached to the dictatorship.
During the dictatorship, which lasted seven years, two forms of government were established:
- (1923-1925) The Military Directory
- (1925-1930) The Civil Directory
The
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The Puritans were opposed to the Anglicans. These men were among the first colonists.
Spain focused on the south and left the northern latitude and its wild environment. The British, in their quest to have colonies, were in the north. The people considered “leftovers” were turned into jails and prisons.
The British,
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The Weimar Republic (1918-1933)
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The new industrial framework and economic and working conditions of workers favored the rise of the labor movement. The initial demands focused on the right of association and the maintenance of salaries. From 1870 onward, ideological and political approaches developed, aiming to transform the economy and society.
1) The Harsh Conditions of Life
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Spanish Civil War: Battles, Politics, and Aftermath
The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)
Major Military Operations
During the Civil War, there were four major military operations in the battles around Madrid. These are distinguished from Jarama and Guadalajara, both of which represented victories for the Republicans.
- Occupation of the North: This involved French and Italian troops, as well as the Condor Legion.
- Franco’s Campaign and the Republican Counteroffensive: Republicans, led by General Miaja, launched a counteroffensive in Brunete, which resulted