Itemized Deductions and Tax Planning
ch.7: itemized deductions
1.medical expenses
2.taxes
3.interest
4.charitable contributions
5.miscellaneous
i. medical expenses-
a. ? is deductible?
1. amounts paid 4 d diagnosis,cure,relief,treatment, or prevention of disease,or a condition affecting d structure or function of d body–4 taxpayer,
Read MoreBaroque Urbanism and Dutch Painting: Rembrandt
Baroque Urbanism
The Capital City
The Baroque period marked a significant turning point in urbanism. Regulatory plans emerged, establishing the concept of the capital city. The city became the ideal, and the square, the appropriate framework. Cities were designed around a central point where major roads converged, creating broad perspectives.
Seats of power, whether civil or religious, became prominent elements, serving as settings for celebrations and representation.
Planning and Design
Planning was
Read MoreThe Interwar Years: Economic and Political Transformations
The Inter-War Years: Economic and Political Transformations
The Economy
Between both World Wars (1918-1939), the economies of European countries and the United States went through various phases:
Post-War Crisis (1918-1923)
Europe experienced a significant economic crisis characterized by high levels of debt and a shortage of production. Germany was the most affected country and had to pay war reparations. Its government circulated a lot of banknotes, leading to hyperinflation.
In 1923, France occupied
Read MoreHistorical Origin of International Law
This branch of modern international law arose alongside the transformation of Europe’s political order in late medieval and early modern times.
Medieval Political Structure
In the Middle Ages, under the feudal regime, political power was dispersed among princes and lords who exercised authority over their subjects. These subjects resided within the feudal lords’ domains. At the apex of this hierarchy were two figures: the Pope, representing spiritual authority, and the Emperor or King, representing
Read MoreThe Late Middle Ages: Crisis and Transformation
INVESTITURE CONTROVERSY
Dispute between the Holy Roman Emperor and the Pope to choose, confirm, or remove bishops. The Concordat of Worms resolved that the Church would retain the right to appoint bishops, but in the emperor’s presence.
Consequences:
- The power of the empire and the papacy was weakened.
- Italian cities became strong republics.
- The Hanseatic League or Hansa emerged in Northern Germany: a federation of trading cities along the North Sea and the Baltic.
BOURGEOISIE
French term used in the Middle
Read MoreAmerican Imperialism and Progressivism: A Historical Overview
Imperialism
WHO:
- Theodore Roosevelt (for)
- William Howard Taft (moderate)
- Woodrow Wilson (against)
WHAT:
Acquiring territory or gaining control over the political or economic life of other countries. This practice was intensified by US foreign involvement seeking raw materials and worldwide markets.
WHEN:
Late 1800s to early 1900s
WHERE:
Britain, France, Germany, Russia, Japan, and other nations attempted to possess weaker countries in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific Ocean.
HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE:
Led to increased
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