Encomienda System, Mudejars, and Moriscos in Spanish History
The Encomienda System in the Americas
Originating in medieval Spain, the Encomienda system established a relationship of dependency, either free or forced, where peasants were under the protection of a lord in exchange for income or tribute. It was introduced to America in the sixteenth century, where conquistadors were granted indigenous people on their lands. These individuals worked for the encomenderos, who were, in return, supposed to ensure their evangelization.
The principles and theoretical
Read MoreFeminism, Pacifism, Environmentalism: Shaping Society
Feminism
Following the incorporation of women into the workplace and education, their roles began to shift. As women became more independent and achieved higher levels of education, feminism emerged as a significant social movement in the U.S. and Europe.
In 1949, Simone de Beauvoir published The Second Sex, often referred to as “the bible of feminism.” This influential work argued that women were not individually identified in the same way as men and that the characteristics defining a “normal” woman
Read MoreHabsburg Spain: Charles I and Philip II’s Dominance
Charles I: A New Dynasty and Vast Inheritance
Charles I was the first king of the new Habsburg dynasty in Spain. Due to a well-planned marriage policy, Charles I inherited a wide range of territories and also became Holy Roman Emperor (as Charles V).
Territorial Inheritance
The territories he inherited include:
- From his mother’s side (Joanna of Castile):
- From Isabella I, his grandmother: Castile, Navarre, Granada, the Canary Islands, territories in North Africa, and the newly discovered territories in
US History Milestones: Colonization to Civil Rights Era
Discovery and Colonization of America
Christopher Columbus reached the Americas in 1492. Following this, colonists came to the New World for various reasons, creating colonies with distinct social, religious, political, and economic structures in different locations.
The Thirteen Colonies
- New Hampshire
- Massachusetts
- Rhode Island
- New York
- Connecticut
- New Jersey
- Pennsylvania
- Delaware
- Virginia
- Maryland
- North Carolina
- South Carolina
- Georgia
17th Century: The New World and American Values
In the 17th century, America
Read MoreLate 19th Century European Powers: Germany, Russia, Ottomans
Chancellor Bismarck’s Germany (1871-1890)
Otto von Bismarck served as Chancellor from 1871 until 1890. The core of his policy was ensuring security through preventive strategies, both domestically and internationally. He confronted the Catholic Church in the Kulturkampf, aiming for state control over education and clergy, but later eased these policies.
The Russian Empire in the Late 19th Century
The Russian Empire possessed enormous ethnic, cultural, and religious diversity, including:
- Russians
- Poles
- Belarusians
- Finns
- Lithuanians
- Latvians
- Estonians
- Ukrainians
- Georgians
- Armenians
- Turkic
World War I in 1917: Russian Revolution and US Entry
World War I Context: Alliances and Early Phases
World War I, which broke out in 1914, originated from a complex web of conflicts, particularly economic rivalries stemming from the Second Industrial Revolution. This era led to increased competition for global resources and fueled rising militarism and violence.
Contributing Factors to WWI
- Formation and expansion of colonial empires.
- An arms race, driven by the desire for new and better weapons (e.g., battleships, submarines, machine guns, airplanes,