Social Unrest & Agrarian Reform in 19th Century Extremadura
– Extremadura Democrats in the Six Years: Peasant Revolts
Social tensions and growing populations across Spain during Isabella II’s reign also reached Extremadura. A burgeoning rural population strained the region’s primary resource: land. The 1868 Revolution fueled expectations of change, and the social question of land ownership became Extremadura’s defining problem. A significant portion of land was privately owned, often having been seized from communal use.
Following the pronouncement in Cádiz,
Read MoreKey Events in 19th and 20th Century Spain
Sagasta Praxedes Matthew (1825-1903)
Liberal politician and civil engineer. A Progressive Party member, he was a Member of Parliament and participated in the 1854 and 1868 Revolutions. He served as Minister and chaired the Government multiple times during the Democratic Sexenio. Along with Cánovas, he shaped the Bourbon Restoration. As Liberal Party leader, he alternated as President of the Government until Cánovas’ death.
Constitution of 1845
A conservative document reflecting moderantismo, establishing
Read MoreDecline of Old Regime & Rise of Liberal Revolutions
UNIT II: The Crisis of the Old Regime
1. The Old Regime Features
This era, preceding the French and American Revolutions, is termed the Old Regime, characterized by specific societal structures.
1.1 Economy
Predominantly agricultural, with land ownership concentrated among clergy and nobility. Eastern Europe saw serfdom, while Western Europe had peasants with obligations to landowners, the Church, and the state. Crafts and trade employed few.
1.2 Society
Society was divided into estates with distinct
Read MoreSpain’s Transition to Democracy: Key Events and Challenges
Spanish Transition to Democracy
The Franco regime faced a crisis before Franco’s death, but the transition was only possible after his demise. Several factors contributed to the positive outcome: economic and social development, the legitimate monarchy inherited from the previous regime, and the collaboration of a significant political part of the former regime.
The New Monarchy
From Europe to Spain, Juan Carlos supported democratization. Eminent public figures played a crucial role, such as Cardinal
Read MoreFrench Revolution to European Unifications: 18th-19th Century
T.2: Liberalism and Nationalism
DLA 1.LS Revolution Causes
In 1789, France faced a deep economic and social crisis. Similar to 1760, rising food prices and other issues led to discontent. The bourgeoisie were dissatisfied with their political marginalization, as only the privileged could hold office and enjoy social recognition. Additionally, the monarchy was in a deep financial crisis due to high court costs. The proposed solution, tax reform, forced the aristocracy to pay taxes.
1.2 The Beginning
Read MoreRise of Spanish Nationalisms: Catalonia, Basque Country, Galicia
Nationals: Centrality of Liberalismo in Spain
The liberal political system emerged from the Spanish Civil War (1833-1840). It was sustained by military and political elites representing conservative liberal sectors. These elites created a political regime and state model, imitating French uniforms, assuming national unity. The new centralized state organization aimed to ignore existing communities and dissolve them into a common integration process.
Bases of Peripheral Nationalisms
Initially, the movement
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