Spanish Civil War: Causes, Battles, and Aftermath
The Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War was a conflict that lasted from July 18, 1936, to April 1, 1939. It began with a coup d’état attempt by right-wing elements, fueled by anticlerical sentiment. The Republic opposed the coup, leading to the distribution of weapons and widespread street conflict.
The Opposing Sides
The war pitted two main factions against each other:
- The Nationalist side, led by Franco, and supported by Godet and Mola, who sought military promotions.
- The Republican side, which
Spanish Civil War: Key Phases and Consequences
Phases of the Spanish Civil War
1. The War Movement
The Nationalist area comprised two isolated areas:
- The north under the authority of General Mola.
- The south under the command of General Franco.
The first objective of the Nationalists was to unite the two areas, which was achieved in early September. The second objective was to take Madrid. To achieve this, the army marched through the valley of the Tagus and conquered Talavera and Toledo. However, resistance in Madrid proved very strong.
2. Stabilization
Read MoreCharlemagne’s Palaces: Aachen and Ingelheim – A Comparative Study
Charlemagne’s Palaces: Aachen and Ingelheim
It retains little, did some wine tasting, is preserved on all that is part of the aula regia reconstruction and the Palatine Chapel.
As for Aix-la-Chapelle, it was a town of Roman origin that had a hot spring. Alcuin of York said that he just discussed theology in a bath with Charlemagne.
Reconstruction of the Ingelheim Palatine Complex (near Mainz)
Located on the banks of the Rhine, near Mainz, archaeological excavations by K. Weidemann led to a reconstruction
Read MoreColonial Brazil: History, Indigenous Policy & Economic Cycles
Colonial Brazil
After Pedro Álvares Cabral discovered Brazil, Portugal decided to colonize it. As they tried to do so, French merchant ships began to appear on the Brazilian coast. King João III, in 1530, sent an expedition under Martim Afonso to drive away the intruders and establish permanent settlements in Brazil. The limited resources of the Portuguese crown forced the king to assign the responsibility of colonizing Brazil to private individuals.
The territory was divided and distributed to
Read MoreStalinism and Khrushchev’s Thaw: A Power Shift in the Soviet Union
Read MoreThe Legacy of Stalinism
The Soviet Union under Stalin witnessed the deportation of ethnic Chechens and the adoption of a nationalist anthem celebrating Stalin. Purges and ideological re-education aimed to eliminate Western influence. This strategy of legitimation aimed to depoliticize the population, creating a system where people avoided political thought. This context helps us understand the nature of Stalin’s regime.
The Rise of Khrushchev and the Thaw
Power Struggle after Stalin’s Death
Following
American Revolution Literature: Key Texts & Influences
Topic 4: The Literature of the Revolution
American Testament
The settlers of Jamestown and Plymouth, the War of Independence, the Civil War, and the Frontier all constitute a kind of sacred history, considering America as a miracle. America is founded on texts:
- The Bible, with many comparisons between real life and its content.
- The American Testament.
- The Declaration of Independence.
- The Gettysburg Address.
The Declaration of Independence
The Origin of American Independence
The 13 colonies had effectively
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