The Russian, Habsburg, and Ottoman Empires: A 19th-Century Analysis
The Russian Empire
Ethnic Diversity
We find a vast empire with a will of expansion. The boundaries are marked by the Congress of Vienna, and there is great ethnic diversity:
- In the Baltic regions spanning Finland, Karelia, Estonia, and Livonia.
- In the center, much of Poland (the richest), including the capital Warsaw.
- In the South, there is a river, Prut, which delimits the Warsaw, which is Russian, and Moldova, which is of the Romanians.
They want to be bigger; the weather has defined its history. It
Read MoreThe First World War: Causes and Alliances 1914-1918
The First World War, 1914-1918
International Relations Between 1870 and 1914
Bismarckian Systems, 1873-1890
In foreign policy, Bismarck, the German Chancellor, set the following objectives:
- Germany should achieve hegemony in Europe.
- Maintain cordial relations with the United Kingdom, which would show dominance outside of Europe.
- Internationally isolate France.
- Avoid confrontation between Austria-Hungary and Russia in the Balkans.
Bismarckian systems were threefold:
Bismarckian System 1, 1873
It was signed:
Read MorePost-WWII World: Rise of Superpowers and Cold War Dynamics
Introduction
At the end of World War II, the world was dominated by two powers: the United States and the Soviet Union. Bloc politics led to the alignment of many countries in the world in one way or another. The Soviet Union became the strength of the field, exerting its influence over vast territories.
1. United States: Leader of the Capitalist World
1.1. The Assertion of American Power
The prevalence of the U.S. rested on three pillars:
- The technological and economic superiority.
- The political prestige.
Roman Empire: From Republic to Principate and Golden Age
The Creation of the Roman Empire 44 B.C.E – 284 C.E
From Republic to Empire, 44 B.C.E – 14 C.E
Civil War, 44-27 B.C.E
Spanish Empire Under Habsburg Rule: 16th-17th Centuries
The Spanish Empire Under the Habsburgs
Shifting Focus to a More Hispanic Monarchy
This period saw a move away from European possessions, equipping the Spanish monarchy with a more Hispanic character. Philip II’s closest associates were mostly Spaniards, and international politics and royal marriages increasingly took into account the interests of Castile, which financed most of his policies. Philip II’s foreign policy was inspired by the same principles as his father’s: the defense of Catholicism
Read MoreBaroque Architecture: Italy, France, and Spain
1. Introduction: Urban and General Characteristics, Baroque Architecture in Italy, Bernini and Borromini, The Palace of Power: Versailles
Introduction to Baroque: The seventeenth century in Europe was a time of general crisis. After the Council of Trent (1545-1648), the final split of Christendom occurred into two rival blocs: Protestants and Catholics. This art was developed through two currents: the Church and the European powers. By the first third of the eighteenth century, the Rococo style appeared,
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