Bourbon Restoration in Spain: A New Political System
The Period of the Bourbon Restoration
A New Political System
Spaniards’ conservative groups welcomed the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty. Cánovas wanted a new political model that overcame some of the endemic problems of precedent liberalism: the partisan character, the military intervention in politics, and the proliferation of civil strife. To achieve that, he drafted a constitution that articulated a political system based on bipartisanship and pacified the country by ending the war in Cuba
Read MoreSocial and Political Movements in Spain During the 1960s and 70s
Social Movements of Opposition in Spain During the 1960s and 70s
Labor Disputes and the Rise of Trade Unions
The workers’ protest was the main source of social tension in the 1960s, which grew in intensity with strikes and workers’ claims. Labor disputes increased dramatically and were located mainly in “union” areas such as Asturias, Barcelona, Madrid, and Vigo.
In 1962, a miners’ strike took place in Asturias, which spread through the country’s main industrial centers.
The labor unrest stimulated
Read MoreThe Middle Ages and Renaissance: Key Events and Figures
The Middle Ages: A Time of Transformation
The Middle Ages were a time of great change in Europe, much of it inspired by the Christian Church.
The Church’s Influence in the Middle Ages
The Church began to influence politics, art, and the daily lives of people all over the continent.
The Leader of the Church
The most powerful religious leader was the Pope, the head of the Christian Church. The Pope’s decisions had a huge effect on people’s lives.
The Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars
Read MoreGothic Art and Architecture: Origins and Evolution
Gothic Art
Introduction
The Romanesque period found itself in a time of change for monumental art:
- Evolution of theological and philosophical thinking: The replacement of Plato by Aristotle, with a tendency toward naturalism in the plastic arts.
- The Cistercian reform: This removed all types of decoration.
- The Awakening of Humanism: Translating into a love for man.
- New socio-economic structure: The awakening of cities, with the growth of emerging social classes and the bourgeoisie.
Urban Gothic developed,
Read MoreAvant-Garde Movements, Early 20th Century Architecture, Stalinism, and WWII Causes
The Avant-Garde
Fauvism: Fauve means “beast” in French. It was a style of painting with vivid and non-naturalistic colors. Key artist: Matisse.
Expressionism: A cultural movement that involved art, theater, literature, and cinema that started in Germany. Art was used to depict human emotions. Key artists: Munch (The Scream), Grosz (Metropolis).
Cubism: An artistic style developed in France that simplified the representation of figures by using geometric shapes with no reference to depth. Key artists:
Read MoreUS Government, Immigration, and Key Historical Events
US Federal System of Government
The U.S. has a Federal System of government composed of: a central (or federal) government seated in Washington D.C, and the state governments of the 50 states.
Government Branches
- Legislative: Makes the laws
- Executive: Administers and enforces the laws
- Judicial: Solves conflicts between citizens, between citizens and government, and within the government
Fundamental Rights and Privileges
Freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, freedom of association,
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