Key Events and Figures in American History: 1920s-1940s
The Scopes Monkey Trial (1925)
Who: William Jennings Bryan vs. Clarence Darrow and John Scopes.
What: An American legal case in which John Scopes was charged with violating Tennessee’s law against teaching evolution instead of the divine creation of man.
When: 1925.
Where: Tennessee.
Why: It was a landmark debate about creationism vs. evolution in public schools.
“Return to Normalcy” (1920s)
Who: Warren G. Harding.
What: Harding’s campaign promise to return to the way of life before World War I, during
Read MoreFirst Carlist War: Causes, Battles, and Political Shifts
The First Carlist War (1833-1840)
The Christian camp, supporting Maria Cristina and her daughter, garnered support from most sectors who saw in them an opportunity to reform the country. They also had diplomatic and military support from England, Portugal, and France.
The Carlists found great recognition but lacked the support of Austria, Prussia, and Russia.
Initially, the war favored the Carlists, who defeated the government troops due to their mobility and knowledge of the land. However, they failed
Read MoreCatalan Statute of 1932: Proclamation and Consequences
Proclamation of the Catalan State (1934)
Theme: Comparison Between the Statute and Dani Def.
The Statute of Núria assumed that sovereignty resided in the village of Catalonia, a Republican and federal entity with its own character. Thus, Catalonia, considered as an autonomous entity within the Spanish Republic, declared Catalan as the official language, accepted the possibility of a federation of Catalan-speaking countries, and established the powers of the Republic and the Generalitat of Catalonia.
Read MoreCharlemagne’s Palaces: Aachen and Ingelheim – A Comparative Study
Charlemagne’s Palaces: Aachen and Ingelheim
Little remains of these once-grand structures. Some wine tasting may have occurred within their walls. What is preserved includes parts of the Aula Regia reconstruction and the Palatine Chapel.
Aachen: From Roman Spa to Imperial Residence
Aachen, originally known as Aix-la-Chapelle, was a Roman settlement renowned for its hot springs. Alcuin of York recounted discussions on theology between himself and Charlemagne while they bathed in these springs.
Ingelheim:
Read MoreThe Spanish-American War: Causes, Consequences, and Cultural Impact
The Disaster of 1898: Causes and Consequences
Since 1898, insurrections in Cuba had been almost continuous, suppressed by military means and political agreements. In 1895, with the cry of Baire—a public statement on the island’s independence—the rebels were joined by the intellectual José Martí. The petty bourgeoisie and the most popular elements of Cuban society participated in the revolt. The Spanish Government sent up to 130,000 soldiers under the command of General Martinez Campos.
The general’
Read MoreMexican Revolution: Key Figures, Reforms, and Treaties
Implications of the Mexican Revolution
With the 1917 Constitution, the revolutionary principles were institutionalized, ending the military phase of the Revolution. Under President Obregon (1920-1924), some of the objectives of the Revolution were put into practice. He began the agrarian reform and joined with the CROM (Regional Confederation of Mexican Workers). He was succeeded by Plutarco Elias Calles (1924-28), who controlled the political power in Mexico until 1934. During his mandate, presidential
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