Franco’s Rise: Politics and Consequences of the Spanish Civil War
Evolution of Politics in the Rebel Zone
EVOLUTION POLITIKA rebel zone.
dl the provisional organization uprising: In the beginning of the war, the uprising was similar to a classic military coup aimed at overthrowing the government. In the first weeks there was not any common political project between the insurgents, except to create a military power to annul legislation (agricultural, lay and professional) of the Popular Front and lead the systematic repression of those who supported the Republican
Read MoreFrench Revolution and Restoration Europe: Causes and Stages
French Revolution: Causes and Stages
Causes: Political and Ideological: The Enlightenment provided the theoretical basis for ending absolutism, and the American Revolution demonstrated that these ideas could be implemented.
Social: Widespread social discontent:
- The nobility and clergy had lost power due to royal absolutism and faced financial difficulties due to high expenses.
- The bourgeoisie lacked political influence, and economic activities were hampered by mercantilism.
- The peasantry lived in subsistence
Second Industrial Revolution: Colonialism and the Great War
Second Industrial Revolution and Colonialism
The Second Industrial Revolution saw economies transform, increasing production and improving trade and transport. Utilizing their financial and military superiority, European powers established colonial empires in Africa and Asia.
Causes of Colonialism
- Europe sought new markets.
- There was an excess of population, which caused people to emigrate.
- Expansionist fervor was prevalent on lands outside Europe.
- Conservative nationalism advocated the superiority of
Roman Legacy and the Rise of Islamic Influence in Iberia
The Roman Peoples and Iberian Cultures
During the first millennium, indigenous cultures encountered the Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians (Mediterranean), and Celts (north). These interactions resulted in a blend of native traits and external influences. The Phoenicians (Lebanon, 8th century BC) founded colonies such as Malaka, Sexi, Abdera, and Gadir. The Greeks (7th century BC) settled on the east coast, from Rosass and Ampurias to Denia. Phoenician and Greek merchants sought metals, agricultural
Read MorePrimo de Rivera’s Dictatorship and Catalan Politics
The Fall of Primo de Rivera
The growing opposition, disagreements with the military, the attempted coup on the night of San Juan in 1926, the economic crisis of 1929 (which caused the devaluation of the peseta and a trade deficit), and increasing dissent left Primo de Rivera without support. In 1930, he consulted with military leaders and resigned on January 28th, without consulting the King, and exiled himself to Paris. He was replaced by Dámaso Berenguer. The CNT, UGT, and PSOE opposed the monarchy,
Read MoreWWI: Alliances and the Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
Alliances Leading to World War I
The alliances that led to WWI were:
- The Treaty of London (1839): Article 7 of this treaty saw Great Britain pledge to protect the neutrality of Belgium.
- The Dual Alliance (1879): Following the Franco-Prussian War in 1871, a newly formed German Empire, having acquired territories from France and fearing reprisal, signed the Dual Alliance Treaty with Austria-Hungary. This was a defensive pact against potential Russian aggression.
- The Franco-Russian Military Convention