Napoleon’s Legacy, Revolutions, and Unifications in Europe
Napoleon’s Legacy in France
Pacification of the Country: Eliminating the most radical factions and encouraging the return of the exiled nobility. The most important internal reform occurred in 1804 and was based on revolutionary principles. These measures led to Napoleon being elected First Consul for life in 1802 and Emperor in 1804.
Napoleon’s Fall
- Exiled: Island of Elba
- Monarchy Re-established: Louis XVIII
- Escape: Restored to power for 100 days
- Defeat at Waterloo (1815): Exiled to Saint Helena, died
Colonialism and Imperialism: 19th-Century Global Expansion
From Colonialism to Imperialism in the 19th Century
Political and economic competition among nations urged the renewal of old colonialism, extending its geographic projection. The continent, especially among Afrikaners, was explored and squatted by European powers.
From Colonialism to Imperialism
Around the mid-nineteenth century, the old Spanish rule was reduced to the possession of Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and some African enclaves. Portugal kept small colonies on the South Equatorial
Read MoreIndustrial Revolution: Key Concepts and Terms
1. The Agricultural Revolution
1. What was the agricultural revolution? – Changes in agricultural production
2. Cultivation System
2. What new cultivation system is shown in the graph on the right? – Norfolk system
3. Definition Exercise
3. Ejercicio de definir:
- fallow: land that has been left unseeded
- fodder: food for livestock
- furrow: a groove made in the ground
- harvest: gathering of crops
- plough: a tool used in farming
- reap: to cut (wheat, rye, etc.)
- thresh: to separate the grains or seeds by some mechanical
US Government: Branches, History, Constitution
Structure of the US Federal Government
There is an overlapping power between the three branches; no branch of government has total power.
- Legislative Branch: It is a bicameral congress that is constituted by the Senate and the House of Representatives.
- Executive Branch: The power given to the President and Vice President of the United States. It has under its control many departments and independent agencies. Examples of departments: Agriculture, Commerce. Examples of independent agencies and government
Spanish Constitution of 1978: Creation and Principles
The Spanish Constitution of 1978
The results of the elections on June 15, 1977, formed a parliament dominated by two major parties, the UCD and PSOE. Other significant formations included Alianza Popular, the Communist Party, and the Basque and Catalan Minority. Even before the election, the future Parliament’s primary task was understood to be the drafting of a constitution. In the opening session, King Juan Carlos delivered a speech calling for cooperation to achieve democratic coexistence in Spain.
Read MoreRestoration of the Bourbon Monarchy in Spain: 1874-1900
The Bourbon Restoration in Spain (1874-1900)
During the six years [of the *Sexenio Democrático*], a sense of lawlessness developed, which many social sectors interpreted as a general threat. During Serrano’s dictatorship in 1874, the army, the Church, and the upper and middle classes gambled on a solution similar to that of the international context: the restoration of Alfonso XII. The restoration of the Bourbon monarchy in the person of Alfonso XII was the product of thorough work. The great protagonist
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