The 1929 Economic Collapse and the Rise of Totalitarian Regimes
The 1929 Economic Collapse: Causes and Consequences
Causes of the 1929 Economic Crisis
Between 1914 and 1918, during World War I, European industrial production shifted to wartime efforts, while countries like the U.S., Spain, and Argentina significantly increased their industrial output to supply Europe. After the war, the U.S., now a major industrial power, began lending money to Europe. Domestically, new financial products like credit cards and installment plans became popular, enabling people
Read MoreThe Great Depression: Causes, Global Impact, and Responses
The Economic Crisis of 1929: The Great Depression
Causes of the Great Depression
Economic Crisis in European Countries
- The destruction caused by World War I.
- Debts owed to the United States.
- The U.S. banking system withdrew sums of money granted to European countries, especially Germany, to pay their debts.
- European countries lost their ability to sell industrial products to those countries which had hitherto supplied them raw materials, as these countries industrialized during World War I.
Crisis in Agriculture
Mainly
Roman Military Might: Organization, Armament, and Strategy
The Roman Army
The Romans, skilled in peacetime organization, demonstrated equal prowess in times of war. Their quest for expansion and conquest typically involved conflicts, both internal and external. The Romans were well-prepared for war and maintained highly organized armies.
Organization of the Roman Army
From the second century BC, the army became permanent, and its commanders professionalized.
Composition
- The highest tactical unit of the Roman army was the legion (approximately 6,000 men).
- Each
Key Historical Terms of Spain: From Absolutism to the Civil War
Decretos de Nueva Planta
A set of centralizing administrative and legal policies or laws issued by King Philip V between 1711 and 1716. These decrees abolished the privileges of self-governing institutions of the Crown of Aragon (comprising the territories of Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia, and the Balearic Islands) and implemented a centralized system and the absolute power of the king.
The Enlightenment
A cultural and ideological movement that developed in the 18th century (also known as the Age of
Read MoreEssential Concepts in Colonial and Postcolonial Studies
Occupation Colonies
An occupation colony is a type of colony occupied by another nation with hostility in order to exploit its natural resources and its native people. Indigenous people were in the majority but were administered by a foreign power.
Exploitation Colonies / Settler Colonialism
Exploitation colonialism is the national economic policy of conquering a country in order to exploit its natural resources and its native population. This practice contrasts with settler colonialism, which is the
Read MoreThe End of the Cold War: Global Transformations and New Eras
The End of the Cold War and Global Transformations
Gorbachev’s Reforms and the End of the Soviet Bloc
The reforms initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev marked a pivotal moment in the decline of the communist bloc.
Political and Foreign Policy Reforms
- Began the democratization of the USSR.
- Granted more autonomy to the republics.
- In foreign policy, proclaimed unilateral disarmament of the USSR, which allowed the resumption of disarmament talks with the U.S.
- The Soviet Union withdrew from Afghanistan.