Charlemagne’s Palaces: Aachen and Ingelheim – A Comparative Study

Charlemagne’s Palaces: Aachen and Ingelheim

It retains little, did some wine tasting, is preserved on all that is part of the aula regia reconstruction and the Palatine Chapel.

As for Aix-la-Chapelle, it was a town of Roman origin that had a hot spring. Alcuin of York said that he just discussed theology in a bath with Charlemagne.

Reconstruction of the Ingelheim Palatine Complex (near Mainz)

Located on the banks of the Rhine, near Mainz, archaeological excavations by K. Weidemann led to a reconstruction

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Colonial Brazil: History, Indigenous Policy & Economic Cycles

Colonial Brazil

After Pedro Álvares Cabral discovered Brazil, Portugal decided to colonize it. As they tried to do so, French merchant ships began to appear on the Brazilian coast. King João III, in 1530, sent an expedition under Martim Afonso to drive away the intruders and establish permanent settlements in Brazil. The limited resources of the Portuguese crown forced the king to assign the responsibility of colonizing Brazil to private individuals.

The territory was divided and distributed to

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Stalinism and Khrushchev’s Thaw: A Power Shift in the Soviet Union

The Legacy of Stalinism

The Soviet Union under Stalin witnessed the deportation of ethnic Chechens and the adoption of a nationalist anthem celebrating Stalin. Purges and ideological re-education aimed to eliminate Western influence. This strategy of legitimation aimed to depoliticize the population, creating a system where people avoided political thought. This context helps us understand the nature of Stalin’s regime.

The Rise of Khrushchev and the Thaw

Power Struggle after Stalin’s Death

Following

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American Revolution Literature: Key Texts & Influences

Topic 4: The Literature of the Revolution

American Testament

The settlers of Jamestown and Plymouth, the War of Independence, the Civil War, and the Frontier all constitute a kind of sacred history, considering America as a miracle. America is founded on texts:

  • The Bible, with many comparisons between real life and its content.
  • The American Testament.
  • The Declaration of Independence.
  • The Gettysburg Address.

The Declaration of Independence

The Origin of American Independence

The 13 colonies had effectively

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Europe’s Political Tensions, Industrial Revolution & Imperialism

Political Tensions in Europe: A Period of Uneasy Peace

There were two phases:

  • The Bismarckian System: Bismarck established a system of alliances with Austria, Russia, and Italy.
  • The Policies of Wilhelm II: Wilhelm dismissed Bismarck and abandoned his system of alliances. This policy created tension between Germany and other European countries, particularly in regions like Morocco and the Balkan Peninsula.

The Bourbon Restoration in Spain

The First Republic ended with a military uprising and the proclamation

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Rise and Fall of Federalists: Shaping the Early American Nation

The Rise and Fall of Federalists: Shaping the Early American Nation

Origins of Division (1790s)

During the administrations of George Washington and John Adams, a significant division emerged between Federalists and Republicans. This division stemmed from differing views on the role of the people, the ideal society, and the balance of governmental power.

Key Differences:

  • View of the People: Federalists believed the general populace was not to be trusted, while Republicans championed the idea of a trustworthy
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