Spain’s 19th-Century: Liberalism, Monarchy & Republic
The Triumph of Liberalism
During the minority of Isabel II, a period of regencies occurred. Maria Cristina was the first regent; her regency coincided with the First Carlist War. In subsequent years, Mendizabal, in office, took steps to abolish the remnants of the Old Regime, such as the confiscation of Church properties. In 1840, Maria Cristina had to resign due to clashes with progressives, and General Espartero assumed the regency. However, his rule did not please either the progressives or the
Read MoreDaily Life in Ancient Rome: Roles, Slavery, Calendar
Women in Ancient Rome
The life of a Roman woman, particularly a mother, involved demanding work and responsibilities. They lived in simple homes, often a single room with a central fireplace. A woman’s day began early, rekindling the fire, lighting a candle, and then spinning and weaving wool to make clothing. She might be assisted by a godson in these tasks. Fetching water from the fountain was a frequent chore. The mother prepared meals for her husband before he went to the fields, and she
Read MoreImperialism, Colonization, and the First World War
Imperialism and Its Causes
Europe, leveraging its superior technical and financial dominance, launched itself into the world, creating colonial empires.
Causes of Colonialism
- Economic: New markets, new raw materials at the best price.
- Demographic: Excess population, improved living conditions, expansion of the white race.
- Political: If there were wars, it was outside of Europe.
- Ideological: With objectives to educate and teach; black racism.
Exploration and Conquest
Explorations were made thanks to Livingstone
Read MoreFranco’s Spain: Characteristics, Ideology, and Social Support
The Foundations of Franquism
Characteristics of the Regime
- Lack of Constitution: The state was governed by a series of Fundamental Laws.
- Limited Rights and Freedoms: Scarce recognition of individual rights and freedoms.
- Single Union: Vertical Union, uniting owners and workers, organized by sectors or corporations.
- Single Party: Movimiento Nacional, based on Falange, led by Franco, including male and female sections, and encompassing groups opposed to the Republic.
- Control of Powers: Franco held the positions
19th Century Revolutions, Unification, and American Expansion
19th Century Revolutions
The revolutions of the 19th century were largely reactions against the restoration of the Ancien Régime and the return to absolutism. Key ideologies driving these revolutions included:
- Liberalism: Advocated for national sovereignty, constitutional monarchy, separation of powers, limited suffrage, and freedoms of association, expression, and religion.
- Nationalism: Emphasized national sovereignty, independent nation-states, and a shared history, language, and culture among the
Key Concepts: Acculturation, Imperialism, and World War I Terms
Acculturation and Imperialism: Key Definitions
Acculturation
Modification of a culture as a result of contact with another culture.
Berlin Conference
Conference that established rules for the colonization of Africa by Europeans.
Boer Wars
Wars fought in South Africa between British and Dutch settlers (1880-1881) and (1899-1902).
Boxer Rebellion
Chinese uprising against foreign influence in China.
Colony
A country or region that is exploited and governed by another country.
Exploitation
The use of something
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