Juan Carlos I: Spain’s Transition to Democracy After Franco
The Text Message From The Crown
Introduction
This institutional text reflects a historical political character, a fragment of the speech given on November 22, 1975, the day Juan Carlos de Borbón was proclaimed King of Spain, addressing those who still adhered to Franco’s ideals. The Cortes (Parliament) under Franco had ceased to exist two days prior. Legislation dictated that after Franco, there would be a continuity of the monarchy, based on the ideals and institutions of the previous dictatorship.
Read MoreEurope in the 18th Century: Enlightenment, Revolution, and Absolutism
The European Landscape in the 18th Century
The 18th century, often called the Age of Enlightenment, was a period of significant change in Europe. Key aspects of this era include:
- The rise of scientific and experimental thought, challenging traditional dogmatism.
- A growing emphasis on individual freedom and human rights.
- The decline of absolutism as a political system.
- Significant economic and social changes driven by the Industrial Revolution.
- A widespread belief in the power of human reason to solve
The Roaring Twenties and the Great Depression in the USA
The Roaring Twenties
The USA in the 1920s: Charleston, flappers, gangsters, Charlie Chaplin, and prosperity. Also known as “The Wild Times,” a period with few worries after winning the war.
Social change, cultural dynamism, changing attitudes, modernity, a break from traditions, and a revolution in social life characterized the era.
Changes in the Status of Women
The 19th Amendment granted women the right to vote.
Movies
Made in Los Angeles, California, the film-making capital of the world.
Jazz
Originating
Read MoreUnderstanding the 1917 Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution of 1917
The Russian Revolution took place in 1917 when the peasants and working-class people of Russia revolted against the government of Tsar Nicholas II. They were led by Vladimir Lenin and a group of revolutionaries called the Bolsheviks. The new communist government created the country of the Soviet Union.
Life Before the Revolution
Before the revolution, Russia was ruled by a powerful monarch called the Tsar. The Tsar had total power in Russia. He commanded the army, owned
Read MoreFDR’s New Deal: Key Figures, Policies, and Impact
The New Deal: Key Figures, Policies, and Impact
The New Deal
Who: Franklin Roosevelt
What: An economic plan to restore the US economy, provide jobs, and secure banks.
When: 1933-1945
Where: USA
Why: It aimed to solve the Great Depression and unite the country, though some argue it created long-lasting problems. World War II ultimately helped unite the country.
Franklin Roosevelt
Who: President; master politician
What: He possessed the ability to convince people that he had everything under control and to
Read MoreMexican Presidents and Key Policies (1920-1970)
Adolfo de la Huerta (1920)
Amnesty for Francisco Villa
Álvaro Obregón (1920-1924)
- CGT, SEP, EMP, Land Reform
- Signed friendly, commerce, and Bucarelli agreements with the U.S.
- José León Toral, a fanatic, assassinated Obregón.
Plutarco Elías Calles (1924-1928)
- 1924: General direction of roads and irrigation
- 1925: Banco de México generates financial resources, favors agricultural activities.
- 1925: 130 factories, the plant industry consolidates.
- Created: Industrial Technical Institute, the National School