Venezuelan History: Falcón & Guzmán Blanco Eras
Constitutional Government of Juan Crisóstomo Falcón (1864-1868)
Among the most notorious events of his government are:
- The new loan from Europe to meet urgent demands.
- The order of payment of salaries to all soldiers of the Federation.
- Solemn funeral rites decreed to the memory of General Ezequiel Zamora and the execution of the new Constitutional Charter of the country.
Financial Situation
The financial situation reached a climax; there was a time when there was no money to pay official salaries. Even
Read MoreEconomic Boom and Political Turmoil: 1920s Europe
The Economic Boom of the 1920s
Since 1924, the economy entered a phase of expansion that lasted until 1929. This drove forward new industrial sectors, especially the automobile industry. Increased energy consumption, primarily oil and electricity, became widespread. Assembly line working increased productivity and lowered prices, leading to growing business concentration. Prosperity was first noted in the U.S., thanks to the return of credits that helped extend to Europe. This boosted individual
Read MoreEvolution of British Parliamentarism: From Monarchy to Democracy
The Foundation of Modern British Parliamentarism
The Revolution found its formal expression in three pieces of legislation:
- The Bill of Rights (1689) summarizes the essential principles of the British constitution until the late nineteenth century. It defines the roles, rights, and privileges of Parliament and the rights of citizens, articulating the rule of law.
- The Triennial Act of 1694: The schedule for parliamentary meetings became triennial.
- The Act of Settlement (1701): Regulating the monarchy
Spanish Dynastic Shift: Reforms and Conflicts
Dynastic Change and Internal Reforms
War of Succession and the Treaty of Utrecht
The death of Charles II without an heir triggered an international conflict. Two candidates vied for the throne: Archduke Charles and Philip of Anjou. Charles II’s will designated Philip of Anjou as his successor, leading to the War of Succession.
Austria, unwilling to concede the Spanish throne, allied with the British. They captured Gibraltar, and Archduke Charles gained control of the Crown of Aragon. French support
Read MorePrimo de Rivera’s Dictatorship: Causes, Coup & Consequences
The Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
Causes:
The main causes were:
- The government’s refusal to increase war budgets to avenge the humiliation of Annual.
- The dissolution of the Boards.
- Significant public opinion demanding an end to the war.
The right wing disapproved of the rise of nationalism in Catalonia and the Basque Country. The formation of the PCE (Spanish Communist Party) and the rise of socialists and republicans also contributed. Social struggles led the ruling classes to consider an authoritarian
Read MoreOctober Revolution of 1934: Causes, Consequences, and Aftermath
The October Revolution of 1934
The entry of three CEDA ministers into the government in October 1934 was interpreted by the Socialists as a surrender of the Republic to its enemies. This event triggered a revolution that had been long in preparation. The insurrectionary movement had the support of the Generalitat, the PCE, and the CNT, but it largely became a political general strike in the major cities. In some instances, the conflict lasted a week, with attempts at armed insurrection by the socialist
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