19th and Early 20th Century: Society, Culture, and World War I
Social Changes and Urban Growth
The 19th and early 20th centuries witnessed significant social transformations, largely driven by the growth of cities. Urban centers like Paris, Berlin, and London experienced improvements in infrastructure, including piped drainage, lighting, and transport. A distinct social stratification emerged, with a wealthier bourgeois class inhabiting more affluent areas, while workers often resided in less sanitary conditions.
Environmental Impact and Industrialization
The
Read MoreSpanish Workers’ Strike of 1917: Causes and Demands
The 1917 General Strike in Spain: A UGT-CNT Movement
This text, dated March 27, 1917, originating from the *Correos de Madrid* (Madrid Mail), details a communication regarding an impending general strike by the workers’ movement, specifically a coalition of the Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT) and the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT). It focuses on government and central administration workers. The core message is the announcement of a general strike, reflecting shared economic and social
Read MoreNietzsche’s Life in 19th-Century Germany
Nietzsche’s Life and the German Empire
Nietzsche’s life is intrinsically linked to the birth and development of the German Empire. Initially, he embraced the spirit that harbored the Germans’ desire to become a great power, even serving as a medic in the Reich’s army. However, he later abandoned these illusions.
The Rise of the German Empire
By the end of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, Germany had achieved its dream: expanding and consolidating its borders, becoming one of the great European powers
Read MoreUS Political Spectrum and Government Foundations
Understanding Political Ideologies
- Which below is not true concerning a person who is to the left on the political spectrum line?
- D. None, because all were true statements.
- A, Liberal.
- A. If my political beliefs tell me to consider an issue based on its merit, not my party’s philosophical views.
- B. Conservative.
- A. Let them stay here, but make it tougher for other illegal aliens to enter.
- D. None, because all of these are conservative views.
- C, Liberals.
- D. All Republican politicians.
- C. Textualism.
- B. Trump.
19th Century Spain: Wars, Revolutions, and Constitutions
Causes of Independence
- Diffusion of Enlightenment ideas and principles of freedom and equality promoted by the French Revolution.
- Success of British colonies’ independence, which ended with the creation of the U.S.
- Discontent of the native bourgeoisie, who saw Spain as an obstacle to the American economy.
Carlist War
After the death of Ferdinand VII, his heiress Isabel was 3 years old. To defend the rights of his daughter, Maria Cristina (regent) sought the support of liberals. This initiated a civil
Read MoreSpain in the 19th and 20th Centuries: Key Events
Key Events in Spain During the 19th and 20th Centuries
Spanish afrancesados admired the ideas of the French Enlightenment. They supported Joseph Bonaparte (Jose I) because they believed that with this king, reforms would be implemented.
Important Concepts and Events
- Coup d’état: Aims to obtain political power.
- Wars between liberals and Carlists: A Carlist conflict. Supporters of the latter were opposed to absolutism and the liberal system. The first Carlist war occurred between 1833 and 1839, the second