The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939): Causes and Consequences

The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939): Origins and International Repercussions

In 1936, the deep contradictions of Spanish society culminated in an armed confrontation. This conflict marked a departure from the democratic path and resulted in a dictatorship lasting almost 40 years, isolating Spain from European democracies.

Military Uprising and International Conflict

The causes were:

  • Remote Cause: The manner in which the liberal revolution was conducted in Spain, the army’s frequent intervention, and the
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Agrarian Problem in Spain During the Second Republic

The Agrarian Problem and Item 7

Classification

We have before us a policy document extracted from the book Causes of the War in Spain, published in 1939 (the end of the Civil War). The book was written by Manuel Azaña, a Spanish politician and writer, who held the posts of Prime Minister of Spain and President of the Second Spanish Republic. With this text of a public nature, the author wanted to justify the land reform.

Analysis

  • If you look at the text, as we see in the first paragraph, by way of
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US History: Key Events and Cultural Insights

Spotlight on History

Discovery of America and Early English Voyages

The discovery of America occurred in 1492. Groups of people from England traveled to America and settled there, often due to religious persecution and dissatisfaction with King James’s laws. Regarding the voyages of English people, there were three primary expeditions:

  • Columbus’s Voyage (1492): Funded by Spain, Columbus reached the Americas, initially landing in the Caribbean and later exploring parts of Mexico. Spanish settlers
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Masterpieces of Art and Architecture (1872-1912)

Masterpieces of Art and Architecture

The Thinker, Auguste Rodin (Paris, 1840 – Meudon, 1917), 1880-1900, Impressionistic, free-standing sculpture, bronze, symbolic, Musée Rodin (Paris).

Rising Sun, Claude Monet (Paris, 1840 – Giverny, 1926), 1872, Impressionistic, oil on canvas, landscape, Musée Marmottan (Paris).

Eiffel Tower, Alexandre Gustave Eiffel, 1887 to 1889, architectural iron monument, iron, Champs de Mars.

Hôtel Tassel, Victor Horta, 1892 to 1893, Modernist, detached, stone, iron, concrete,

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Spain’s Economic Miracle and Transition to Democracy

The Desarrollismo (1959-1973)

Context: The Spanish Economic Miracle of the 1960s

The “Spanish Miracle” occurred because of several factors:

  • Abundance of workforce.
  • Cheap and docile workforce.
  • A growing market.
  • Protectionism.
  • Foreign capital investment.
  • Plentiful and cheap oil.
  • An expansive international economic context.

Stabilization Plan (Desarrollismo)

A set of measures to liberalize the Spanish economy, opening it to the exterior (more imports and exports) and its modernization.

Effects of Desarrollismo

Economic

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The Enlightenment: Ideas and Impact on Society

The Enlightenment: A Change of Mind

The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that developed in Europe during the eighteenth century. Enlightenment thinkers based their ideas on three principles:

  • Reason: They believed it was possible to analyze society by applying reason, which would lead to the continuous progress of mankind.
  • Natural Rights: The human being was the center of their theory. They defended that people have inherent natural rights.
  • Tolerance: They argued that tolerance should be the
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