Franco Spain: Economy, Society & Politics (1939-1959)
The First Franco Period (1939-1959)
Economic Developments: Autarky (1939-1951)
Definition and Causes
The Franco regime adopted an economic policy of autarky due to:
- Huge material losses and depletion of human capital from the Civil War.
- International isolation and barriers to external sourcing for the Spanish economy.
- Protectionist economic nationalism as the official ideology.
Negative Economic Consequences
Agriculture
Agriculture entered a deep crisis. State interventionism and protectionism prevailed,
Read MoreKey Historical & Economic Concepts: 17th-19th Centuries
Early Modern Economy & Politics
Mercantilism: A theory stating that there was a fixed amount of global trade and a country’s wealth depended on the gold and silver it accumulated. Monarchs encouraged the growth of national industries, promoted exports, and restricted imports.
Chartered Companies: These companies conducted foreign trade with America and Asia. Some were granted trade monopolies in specific regions and imported goods. Company owners and the Crown shared the substantial profits.
Bill
Read MoreCarlism: History, Ideology, and the Carlist Wars
Carlism: A Historical Overview
Carlist G. (1833-40) was born in 1830, the daughter of Ferdinand and Mª Cristina d’Naples. According to Salic law, passed by Felipe V in 1713, the crown could only pass between men; women were excluded and only had the right to the throne in the absence of a male heir. This law was directly repealed by Ferdinand upon hearing news of his wife’s pregnancy. This changed the situation, as the king’s eldest child could now inherit, even if not male.
This significantly reduced
Read MoreKey Concepts: Medieval History, Religion, and Renaissance
Key Concepts: Medieval History and Renaissance
- Orthodox Church: Marriage in Constantinople, the Pope was a bishop.
- Edicts of Ashoka: The goal was to create a rule based on Buddhist principles, a code of conduct.
- Four Noble Truths: Suffering, Cause, Cessation (reaching Nirvana), path to improvement.
- Ahimsa: Non-violence. Based in Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism.
- Clergy: Religious professionals, church officials.
- Theodora: The wife of Justinian I, helped him fight against the rebels.
- Cyrillic alphabet: Based
The Rise and Impact of Fascism in Italy
Italy, Fascist Italy was one of the victors of the First World War. What is fascism? Fascism is a political and social movement of totalitarian character that occurred in Italy after the First World War. It finds its roots in nationalism, nineteenth-century European imperialism, the consequences of the First World War, the weakness of parliamentary systems, economic discontent, and social crises. In the twenties and thirties, totalitarian dictatorships of fascist regimes proliferated in Europe,
Read MoreWorld War I Aftermath, Russian Revolution, and 1929 Crisis
The Aftermath of World War I
The Peace:
- Daily suffering and destruction: 8-10 million casualties and 600,000 wounded.
- Bankruptcy: only Japan and the US profited (gold stock and creditors).
Conference of Paris (1919-20)
- USA: Wilson, Fourteen Points: A new world based on democracy and nation.
- France: Clemenceau: Destroy Germany, reclaim Alsace and Lorraine, create a buffer state in Renania.
- UK: Lloyd: Balance.
- Italy: Orlando: Territories in the Dalmatian coast.
- Japan: Makino Nabouaki: Territories.