Foundational Factors Shaping Modern Australia: Federation, Gold, and Terra Nullius
The Doctrine of Terra Nullius in Australia
Terra nullius is a Latin term meaning “land belonging to no one.” This legal principle was used by European colonizers to claim sovereignty over inhabited territories, including Australia.
Despite knowing there were Indigenous people living in Australia, British colonists claimed the continent using the concept of Terra Nullius as justification. They argued that Aboriginal people were not “using” the land in a recognizable European manner (citing a lack of
Read More19th Century History: Spain, Imperialism, and World War I Key Concepts
Spanish History and Political Dynamics (19th Century)
Spanish Constitutions of the 19th Century
- 1812 (La Pepa): Moderate
- 1837: Progressive
- 1845: Conservative
- 1869: Progressive
- 1876: Conservative
Key Events Sequence (Peninsular War Era)
- Godoy’s Resignation
- Creation of the Supreme Central Junta
- Adoption of La Pepa (1812 Constitution)
- Treaty of Fontainebleau
- Accession of Joseph I
Francisco de Goya: Influence and Legacy
Goya’s expressions and feelings paved the way for many subsequent art movements. His paintings
Read MoreThe Great Awakening and the Birth of American Independence
The Great Awakening: Religious Revival and Social Change
The Intensity of Revival Sermons
…going to fly and be sprinkled. (bloody – too graphic) He’s so graphic because he wants to make people afraid of what could happen to them. However, there’s a way they can avoid going to hell. God is giving you the opportunity to reconvert and go back to him; go back to religion. You must reconvert to acquire salvation.
Consequences of the Great Awakening
- Ecclesiastical: More people went to Church and
Key Historical Definitions: French Revolution to European Unifications
Key Figures and Events in 19th-Century European History
The Girondist Convention (1792–1793)
The Girondist Convention was the name given to the French National Assembly between 1792 and 1793. During this period, the Girondists held power. They proclaimed the Republic. King Louis XVI was executed in January 1793, leading the European monarchies to declare war on France. The subsequent phase of the Convention was led by Robespierre (the Jacobin period).
Maximilien Robespierre
Robespierre was the leader
Read MoreKey Concepts and Events of the Age of Revolutions
1. The Enlightenment
A) Origin
In what century and in what country did it begin?
- France, 18th Century
B) Characteristics and Definition
State three characteristics of the Enlightenment or give a definition:
- Anthropocentrism
- Humanism
- Scientific Method
C) Key Thinkers: Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau
- Montesquieu: Defended the separation of powers.
- Voltaire: Defended a strong monarchy which respects civil liberties.
- Rousseau: Believed human beings are naturally good.
D) Define Encyclopedia
A comprehensive work
Read MoreDesegregation, Economic Boom, and Cold War Conflicts (1940s–1960s)
Civil Rights Pioneers and Political Divisions
7.3.2: Early Civil Rights Leaders and Ideological Conflicts
- Which African American player helped desegregate the sport of baseball?
- Jackie Robinson
- Which African American leader visited the Soviet Union and felt welcome there?
- Paul Robeson
- Which African American baseball pioneer fought racism by personal achievement?
- Jackie Robinson
- How did A. Philip Randolph get President Truman to change the way the military treated its Black soldiers?
- He threatened to organize