Wind and Coastal Erosion: Landforms and Sedimentation

Wind Erosion and its Effects

For wind erosion to occur, a significant amount of material needs to be dissolved, there must be little vegetation, and low humidity. Wind erosion manifests primarily through two processes:

  • Deflation: The wind picks up loose material, ranging from small to medium sizes, and transports it to other locations.
  • Wind Abrasion: Thanks to the material transported by deflation, the wind erodes and polishes the surface of rocks.

Methods of Erosion and Resulting Landforms

  • Alveoli:
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Atmospheric Processes: Weather, Climate, and Heat

Chapter 11: Heating the Atmosphere

Chapter 12: Moisture, Clouds, and Precipitation

Weather: The state of the atmosphere at any given time.

Climate: A description of aggregate weather conditions; the sum of all statistical weather information that helps describe a place or region.

Rotation: The spinning of a body, such as Earth, about its axis.

Revolution: The spinning of a body about another, such as Earth and the Sun.

Radiation (electromagnetic radiation): The transfer of energy (heat) through space

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Geological Hazards: Causes and Risk Factors

Expansive Soils

Expansive soils are soils that increase in volume in the presence of water. They can exert pressure as strong as a floor, for example. This type of expansive soil is formed by clays, plasters, and anhydrite.

Radon

Radon is the main cause of radiation risk as a natural contaminant worldwide. It lodges in the lungs and can cause lung cancer. The toxic effects are seen with the passage of time.

Instability of Slopes

Human Causes

Human causes are diverse. They can be caused by the rejection

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Plant Life in Spain: Habitats, Vegetation, and Flora

Vegetation and Flora in Spain

The vegetation, or flora, is the set of plant species in an area. Factors that influence vegetation include plant formations, physical factors like climate (temperature and precipitation), relief (altitude), soil type, and human impact. In Spain, plant communities form distinct landscapes.

Siberian Floristic Region

The Siberian floristic region is characterized by deciduous heath and grassland.

Deciduous Forest

Deciduous forests feature tall trees with straight trunks, smooth

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Global Energy Production: Sources and Trends

While total world energy came from 82% fossil fuels, 10% biofuels, 5% nuclear, and 3% renewable (hydro, wind, solar, geothermal), only 18% of that total world energy was in the form of electricity. Most of the other 82% was used for heat and transportation. Recently, there has been a large increase in international agreements and national Energy Action Plans to increase the use of renewable energy due to pollution that comes from fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas.

EU Energy Production

Due

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Understanding Weather Elements and Climate Mechanisms in Spain

Weather in Spain

The Elements of Weather

The elements of weather are a set of indicators that show the basic characteristics of a specific climate. The most significant are rainfall, temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, clouds, and fog.

Temperature

Factors influencing temperature are latitude, altitude, and proximity to the sea. On a map, it is represented by isotherms, which are lines that connect points on the Earth’s surface that have the same temperature. Absolute temperatures are

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