Glossary of Hydrological and Vegetation Terms

River

Natural water current, continuous and more or less abundant, which flows into another river, a lake, or a sea.

Drought

Period during which a stream of water reaches its lowest flow.

Flood

A moment of maximum river flow, which is usually an abnormal increase with catastrophic effects.

Nival Regime

Fluvial type of rivers whose flow is determined by the input of water from melting snow. Corresponds to mountain rivers that reach their maximum during the spring thaw, and their minimum in winter when water

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Understanding Precipitation, Runoff, and Groundwater Systems

Precipitation

Changes in air pressure and temperature associated with the movement of air masses cause air to become saturated with water vapor. This vapor then condenses around tiny particles in the air, such as pollen, dust, sea salt, and volcanic ash, leading to precipitation.

Main Controls of Atmospheric Precipitation:

  1. Collision of Air Masses: Most precipitation occurs when large masses of warm, moist air collide with cold air masses, such as in cyclones and hurricanes.
  2. Convection: Heat from the
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Air Pollution: Sources, Effects, and Solutions

AIR

Air is a set of gases that form the atmosphere, essential for life on our planet. It is a natural resource in constant exchange within the biosphere.

AIR POLLUTION

Air pollution refers to the contamination of the air and includes acoustic contamination. It involves the presence of materials or forms of energy in the air that pose risks, harm, or serious discomfort to people, goods, and the environment.

SOURCES OF POLLUTION

There are two main types of pollution sources:

  • Natural: These sources include
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A Comprehensive Guide to Paint Types and Applications

Introduction

Paint, a viscous liquid or mixture, finds widespread use in various applications, including roller painting, dipping, and projection (gun spraying). This guide delves into the world of paints, exploring their history, properties, components, and diverse types.

History of Paint

The use of paint dates back to ancient civilizations like Egypt and Rome, where rubber-based paints and waxes were prevalent. The 18th century witnessed the emergence of a home painting chemical industry. A significant

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Chemical Reactions and Environmental Impact

What is the Difference Between a Chemical and a Physical Transformation?

In a chemical transformation, substances disappear, and new ones appear. These are called chemical reactions.

In a physical transformation, we have the same substances at the beginning and the end of the process.

What is a Chemical Reaction?

A chemical reaction is a process by which some substances, called reactants, become new substances, called products.

How are Chemical Reactions Represented?

Chemical reactions are represented

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Comprehensive Geography Glossary: Terms and Definitions

Geography Glossary

A

Altitude

The vertical distance of a point on the ground to sea level.

Archipelago

A group of nearby islands that have emerged from similar causes, such as tectonic or volcanic activity.

C

Caldera

The top of a volcano, often a large, basin-shaped depression formed after an eruption.

Canyon

A deep, narrow valley with steep sides, often carved by a river over millions of years.

Cape

A narrow piece of land that extends from the mainland or an island into the sea.

Cartography

The science and art

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