Coastal Plains, Horizontal Layers, Domes, and Volcanic Forms: A Comprehensive Guide
Coastal Plains
Coastal plains are recently emerged coastal strips formed by layers of sedimentary rocks that rest on older continental rocks. These sedimentary rocks dip towards sea level. For a plain to originate, the coast must be lifted by tectonic activity. As sea level rises, the plain is revealed. It presents a flat surface extending towards the sea.
Dendritic Drainage Pattern
This is the most common drainage pattern in nature, resembling the branching of a tree. It develops on rocks of equal
Read MoreArchitectural Glossary: Key Terms in Art and Architecture
Architectural Glossary
Key Terms in Art and Architecture
A
Apse: A semi-circular or polygonal structure located at the end of a church, typically the most important part.
Acropolis: An elevated terrain that dominated a Greek polis. It was fortified and housed the main temples and public buildings.
Agora: A central square in a Greek city, where the main public and private buildings were situated.
Alquible (Qibla): The most important wall in a mosque, oriented towards Mecca.
Amphitheater: A large, oval-shaped
Read MoreVolcanism, Plate Tectonics, and Biosphere Concepts
Volcanism in the Canary Islands
While mainland Spain has three extinct volcanic areas, the Canary Islands have experienced seventeen historical eruptions. The most significant eruption occurred in Timanfaya in 1730. The latest eruption took place in La Palma-Fuencaliente in 1971. Tenerife leads in the number of eruptions, with the most recent one occurring in 1909 (Badlands). Eruptive periods range from 1 to 273 years, averaging 30 years. The eruptions are typically of the explosive alkaline basalt
Read MoreEconomic & Environmental Aspects of Power Generation
Economic Aspects
Cost and Types
The cost of a product is the sum of the various expenses incurred to produce it. For power plants, the product is electrical energy supplied to the network (kWh).
Internal Costs relate to the economic costs passed on to the productive process, which can be divided into:
- a) Depreciation costs of investment: fixed annually
- b) Fuel costs: variable
- c) Cost of operation and maintenance (O&M): fixed (staff) and variable (lubricants, waste management, etc.)
This analysis of
Read MoreA Timeline of Earth’s Glacial Events and Climate Fluctuations
Before 1,000 Mya Faint young Sun paradox
2,400 Mya Great Oxygenation Event probably leads to Huronian glaciation perhaps covering the whole globe
650-600 Mya Later Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth or Marinoan glaciation, precursor to the Cambrian Explosion
517 Mya End-Botomian mass extinction; like the next two, little understood
502 Mya Dresbachian extinction event
485.4 ± 1.9 Mya Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event
450-440 Mya Ordovician–Silurian extinction event, in two bursts, after cooling perhaps
Read MoreDam Engineering: Types, Components, and Control Mechanisms
DAMS
Definition
Dams are water reservoirs designed to store water. Their primary functions include:
- Supplying water for consumption
- Controlling water flow to prevent flooding
- Harnessing water power and transforming it into other forms of energy (electrical, mechanical, etc.)
Classification of Dams
Types of Dams Based on Structure:
- Gravity Dams
- Lightweight Gravity Dams (Buttress Dams)
- Arch Dams
Types of Dams Based on Material:
- Concrete Dams
- Embankment Dams
- Composite Dams
Types of Dams Based on Application:
- Check