Sustainable Construction & Demolition Waste Management
TMA2: Environmental and Constructive Activity
Definitions
Environment
Physical, chemical, biological, and social factors that make up a space where a system carries out its functions.
Ecosystem
A system of living beings existing in a determined environment.
Sustainable Development
Satisfying the needs of the present without compromising the capacity of future generations to satisfy their own needs.
Sustainability
Maintenance of ecosystem components and functions for future generations. Sustainability consists
Read MoreThe Origin of Life: Hypotheses and Evolution
Early Earth and the First Life
The Earth is estimated to have formed around 4.5 billion years ago. Initially, it was a molten mass that gradually cooled, leading to the formation of a solid crust and the first atmosphere. This early atmosphere was a reducing one, lacking free oxygen. It is believed that its composition consisted mainly of methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3), water vapor (H2O), and hydrogen (H2).
It is hypothesized that these gases were subjected to energy sources like solar radiation, volcanic
Read MoreElectrical Substation and Overhead Power Lines
1.1 Substation and Production
Substation Point
A set of all power generation plants.
Transmission Subsystem
Transformer and switching stations that elevate the voltage from the generating plants and transmit it through high voltage lines.
Distribution Subsystem
It receives energy from the electrical system in the form of a primary distribution network, processing stations, and secondary distribution networks.
Characteristics of an Electrical System
- Number of phases
- Service voltage
- Frequency
Nominal Voltage
Conventional
Read MoreCatalan Language Use: Public, Educational, and Socioeconomic Spheres
Fields of Use of the Catalan Language
The Official Public Sphere
State institutions do not use the Catalan language or use it anecdotally. While citizens have the right to address institutions in Catalan, a response in the same language isn’t guaranteed. Catalan institutions exclusively use Catalan. Autonomous bodies, dependent on basic state policy issues, continue to discriminate against the Catalan language. However, agencies created by the Catalan Government normally use Catalan.
The Educational
Read MoreEnvironmental Science: A Comprehensive Guide to Ecosystem Sustainability
1. Environmental Science and Ecosystems
The natural world is organized into interconnected units called ecosystems. An ecosystem consists of a physical environment characterized by factors like temperature and moisture, the organisms that inhabit it, and the relationships between them.
Since the advent of humankind, human activities have allowed us to obtain food, housing, and transportation. This means we extract resources from ecosystems, impacting the environment. Humans are also subject to natural
Read MoreAquatic & Terrestrial Environmental Impacts
Aquatic Environmental Impacts
Water Pollution
Changes in water characteristics caused by human activities have a significant impact on the hydrosphere. Pollution stems from the overexploitation of aquatic ecosystems and water resources.
Contamination of Aquatic Environments
According to the WHO, water is considered contaminated when it loses its suitability for its intended use. This contamination manifests as changes in temperature, color, and density, rendering the water harmful to humans.