Spanish Relief: Internal and External Structures
Internal Relief
Meseta
A more or less flat surface with an average altitude of 600 to 700m, occupying 45% of the Iberian Peninsula. Formed in the Hercynian orogeny, leveled, and inclined towards the Atlantic. Covered by Tertiary and Quaternary materials, and crossed by two mountain ranges.
Evolution
Two major stages:
- Tertiary: Tilted toward the middle.
- Post-Alpine: Movements destroyed the peneplain, giving rise to mountain ranges inclined towards the west.
Central System
Located in the center of the Meseta,
Read MoreEnergy Sources: Renewable, Non-Renewable, and Extraction
Energy Sources
Energy sources are naturally occurring resources that, by themselves or through known technological processes, provide some form of energy.
Renewable Energy Sources
Renewable energy sources are naturally replenished quickly and are considered virtually inexhaustible. They are also known as clean energy sources because they produce no air pollution. The most common examples include hydraulic, wind, and solar energy.
Non-Renewable Energy Sources
Non-renewable energy sources are found on
Read MoreRocks, Minerals, and Air Masses: A Geological Overview
Rocks and Minerals
Rocks
Rocks are associations of one or more minerals. They are natural, inorganic, heterogeneous materials with variable chemical compositions and no specific geometry, formed by geological processes.
Minerals
Minerals are natural, inorganic, homogeneous, solid or liquid elements or compounds with a constant chemical composition. They generally adopt a particular geometric shape as a result of chemical processes.
Rock Classification
Igneous Rocks
Igneous rocks result from the consolidation
Read MoreGenetic Engineering and Biotechnology: A Comprehensive Overview
1. DNA
DNA molecules are made up of nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains one of four bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). These bases pair in a specific way: A with T, and C with G. These pairings create complementary strands.
2. Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering is the technology of manipulating and transferring DNA from one organism to another. This technology allows for the creation of new species, the correction of genetic defects, and the production of various
Read MoreIntangible Assets: Definition, Composition, and Accounting Treatment
Intangible Assets
I. Introduction
Intangible assets are traditionally difficult to treat due to their complex nature, which makes identification, recognition, and measurement challenging.
II. Definition and Composition
Intangible assets are non-monetary assets without physical substance that are susceptible to economic valuation. They are accounted for as non-current assets.
Characteristics:
- Intangible nature, although sometimes represented by titles.
- Recognition for accounting purposes occurs upon the
Geomorphology: Landscapes Shaped by Earth’s Processes
1. Fluvial Landscapes (Rivers and Streams)
Erosional Processes
- Downcutting: Vertical erosion of a river channel, leading to the formation of V-shaped valleys.
- Lateral Erosion: Widening of the river channel, creating features like floodplains.
- Headward Erosion: Extension of the river channel at its source, contributing to the lengthening of the river.
Depositional Landforms
- Floodplains: Flat areas next to the river, formed by periodic flooding and deposition of sediments.
- Alluvial Fans: Cone-shaped deposits