Tectonic Plate Dynamics: Deformations & Earthquakes
Tectonic Plate Dynamics
Efforts and Deformations
The dynamics of tectonic plates create high pressure, known as tectonic forces, which produce significant changes in rocks called tectonic deformations.
Tectonic Forces
Rocks can be subjected to three types of forces:
- Compressional
- Extensional
- Shear
Tectonic Deformations
Tectonic forces produce two types of permanent rock deformation:
- Plastic Deformation: Occurs when rocks exhibit ductile behavior and fold due to their plasticity. These are continuous deformations,
Geological Evolution and Relief of the Iberian Peninsula
1. Characteristics of the Iberian Peninsula Relief
Solid Form
The Iberian Peninsula’s solid form is characterized by its significant width from west to east coasts and relatively straight coastlines.
High Average Elevation
The high average elevation results from the presence of high mountains and an extensive central plateau (Meseta Central).
Peripheral Mountainous Provision
The plateau’s inland location, away from the sea’s influence, creates a stark contrast between the coastal and inland areas.
2. Morphostructural
Read MoreBuilding Materials Guide: Types, Properties & Uses
Building Materials
Rocks
Mineral particles that are aggregates of appreciable size and indeterminate.
Types:
- Eruptive or Igneous Rocks (Igneous rock of crystal structure / vitreous igneous rocks)
- Sedimentary Rocks (Siliceous rocks / Limestones / Clayey rocks)
- Metamorphic Rocks (Slate / Marble)
Clays and Derivatives
One of the varieties of sedimentary rocks, consisting primarily of hydrated aluminum silicates that form microscopic crystalline lamellae.
Process to Obtain:
- Preparation of Raw Materials
- Molding
- Drying
- Cooking
- Storage
Types:
Read MoreNatural Risks and their Prevention: A Comprehensive Guide
Natural Risks: Definition and Evaluation
Natural risk is the likelihood of a population in a given area suffering injury or catastrophe due to a natural event. According to UNESCO, it’s the probability of loss of human lives, productive capacity, property, or resources due to natural phenomena. Natural risks stem from physical phenomena of geological origin (internal or external dynamics). When an event occurs, it can result in minor changes or a catastrophe.
Evaluation of Natural Risks
- Hazard: Emphasizes
Energy Resources: Conventional and Alternative Sources
Energy Resources
Energy Sources
Renewable Sources
Energy sources replenished by nature faster than humans consume them. Examples: solar, wind.
Non-Renewable Sources
Energy sources consumed by humans faster than nature can replenish them. Examples: coal, oil.
Energy Impact
Gross Energy
Energy sources whose use is associated with pollution or other environmental impacts. Example: oil.
Net Energy
Environmentally friendly energy sources. Examples: wind, tidal.
Energy Availability and Impact
Conventional Energy
Traditionally
Read MoreHazardous Waste: Definition, Classification (CRETIB), and Characteristics
Waste
Waste is any material discarded by its owner, having no direct use value in the process. The potential for recycling poses a challenge, as waste can also be a raw material. This global issue has various solutions. Some countries classify discarded materials as waste even if destined for recycling. This enhances environmental protection but increases administrative costs for generators and recyclers, potentially discouraging recycling. It’s recommended to consider materials as waste until
Read More