Plate Tectonics: A Comprehensive Overview
Plate Tectonics
Expansion of the Seafloor
In 1962, geophysicist Harry Hess proposed that mid-ocean ridges were areas where new oceanic crust is created. This new crust is pushed sideways, causing the ocean floor to expand. Hess observed that the basalt of the seafloor was older and thicker further away from the ridge, with the oldest crust found near the continents. The current speed of seafloor spreading is estimated to be a few millimeters per year, a rate that has varied throughout history.
The
Read MoreClimates of Spain: A Comprehensive Overview
Climates of Spain
Mediterranean Peripheral
Location:
Occurs in coastal areas along the Mediterranean Sea.
Average Annual Temperature:
Fluctuates between 17 and 20°C.
Winter Temperature:
Mild, typically between 11 and 12°C.
Summer Temperature:
Hot, reaching temperatures between 23 and 25°C.
Temperature Range:
Varies between 14 and 17°C.
Total Precipitation:
Not very abundant, but higher than inland areas, ranging between 400 and 600mm. Rainfall is irregular, with periods of drought and occasional floods caused
Read MoreGeological Evolution of the Iberian Peninsula
Precambrian Era
The Iberian Peninsula was located between the African (Gondwana) and European (Laurasia) continental plates, separated by the Tethys Sea. Orogenic movements during this era had minimal impact, primarily affecting the Galician-Leonese Massif, the western Asturian-Leonese Massif, and parts of the Toledo Mountains and Central System.
Paleozoic Era
The Hercynian orogeny, characterized by strong lateral pressures, began during the Carboniferous period. This resulted in the formation of mountain
Read MoreClimate and Landscape Plants of Spain
Item 2: Climate and Landscape Plants
Temperature and Precipitation
Temperature Range
The difference between maximum and minimum temperature is called the daily thermal amplitude if measured daily, and the annual temperature range if measured annually. This is calculated by finding the difference between the warmest and coldest months.
Average Temperature
The average temperature is calculated by adding the maximum and minimum temperatures and dividing by two. This can be done monthly or yearly.
Temperature
Read MoreSpecialty Mortars: Industrial, Screed, Tile, and Monocapa
Specialty Mortars
Industrial Mortars
Industrial wet mortar is a pre-mixed, ready-to-use product. Its components—conglomerates, sand, water, and/or additives—are precisely measured and mixed at a factory. This ensures consistent quality and cost-effectiveness. The additives maintain workability and prevent drying, making it ideal for various applications.
Cement Screed
: are special rules for land for new or restoring beams are dry mortars, cements and special additives. It comes in powder ready
Read MoreNatural Resources and Their Exploitation: A Comprehensive Guide
1. Natural Resources
What are Natural Resources?
Natural resources are the various elements of nature that humans utilize for their benefit.
Human Exploitation of Natural Resources
The phrase “mankind increases the exploitation of natural resources far above their growth” highlights the fact that humanity’s consumption of natural resources exceeds the rate at which these resources can replenish themselves. This is known as overexploitation. Examples include the overuse of oil despite its long formation
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