Recycling, Reclamation, and Reuse of Used Oils
Recycling, Reclamation and Reuse of Used Oils
Used Oil
Used oil originates from refining crude oil or synthetic oil. Due to use, handling, and storage, it becomes contaminated and no longer serves its original purpose. This contamination arises from chemical impurities and physical changes that cause the oil to lose its original properties.
Used oil includes synthetic oils, transmission oil, brake oil, and other oil or grease.
Deterioration Factors
Petroleum lubricants are hydrocarbons that decompose
Read MoreComprehensive Guide to Spanish Geography: Soil, Water, and Environmental Challenges
Item 3 (D): Soil
Soil
The superficial layer of the Earth’s crust. It consists of elements, liquids, gases, and solids.
Horizons
Soil layers that form the soil as a result of their evolution. Each horizon has its own physical, chemical, and biological characteristics.
Leaching
Process by which rainwater washes away substances to lower layers.
Soil Profile
This consists of all the soil horizons.
Pedogenesis
The science that studies the origin and evolution of the soil.
Brown Land
Located in oceanic climates.
Read MoreEarth’s Dynamic Processes: A Geological Overview
Weathering
Weathering is the response of solid materials to environmental conditions. Rocks formed deep within the Earth undergo changes when exposed to the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Weathering levels land relief by removing and destroying rock remnants, transporting them to lower levels, where they eventually settle and consolidate into new rocks.
Soil Formation
Factors influencing soil formation include rocks, topography, climate, plants, and animals.
Weathering Process Variables
Temperature:
Read MoreSoil Chemistry, Ecology, and Properties
Soil Chemistry and Physical-Chemical Properties
pH
Ion Exchange Capacity
Properties related to clay and silt in the mineral fraction, ion exchange capacity is one of the most important soil properties. It refers to the reversible exchange of cations and anions between minerals and high surface area organic particles with specific molecules and ions. The adsorption of ions is of great significance for:
- Reactions in the soil (pH)
- Nutrient supply
- Structure of soil formation processes
Exchangeable ions are
Read MoreLandforms Glossary: Definitions & Examples
CERRO WITNESS: Rest of the platform in a tabular relief (set of hard and soft layers arranged horizontally in which erosion has carved a horizontal landscape). With increasing erosion by rivers in the soft layers, hills are formed, and if the plateau is attacked by erosion everywhere, “isolated hills with flat tops” appear. They are quite common in sedimentary basins of the two sub-plateaus and in the depression of the Ebro.
TECTONIC FORM OR STYLE: Set of characters that a tectonic structure may
Read MoreGeological Agents: Shaping Earth’s Surface
1. Introduction to Geological Agents
Geological agents, including the atmosphere, water, ice, sea, and wind, shape Earth’s surface through various external processes. These processes include weathering, erosion, transport, and sedimentation. Latitude, altitude, climate, and human actions also play a role.
2. Weathering: Breaking Down Rocks
Weathering is the breakdown of rocks. There are three types of weathering:
- Physical Weathering: Rocks break into fragments without chemical alteration. Examples