Venezuela’s Geography: Location, Climate, and Physiographic Regions
Geographic Location of Venezuela
Venezuela is located in northern South America, bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Brazil to the south, Guyana to the east, and Colombia to the west. Its northernmost latitude is 15° 42′ 33″ LN at Aves Island. Venezuela’s coastline extends 4,016 km (2,954 km mainland), encompassing 23 states, 12 of which have coastal areas.
Differences between Borders and Boundaries:
- Limit: A real or imaginary line dividing two or more spaces, which can be artificial or natural.
Catalonia’s Territorial Configuration and Natural Resources
Territorial Configuration
Catalonia’s territorial configuration is defined by three key features:
- Proximity to the Sea: With an extensive coastline, all territories benefit from the Mediterranean’s influence.
- Complex Terrain: A small country (32,106 km²) with diverse landscapes, including mountains, plains, plateaus, cliffs, depressions, and hills. Four-fifths of the territory has slopes over 5%, limiting urbanization.
- Rugged Coastline: The proximity of mountains and sea creates a rugged coastline
Iberian Peninsula’s Diverse Geography
Central Plateau
The Iberian Peninsula’s heart is a vast plateau of 210,000 km2, with an average altitude of 700-800 meters. Formed by Paleozoic materials, it was shaped by the Hercynian and Alpine orogenies. Plains and mountain ranges characterize this plateau, divided by the Central System into northern (Duero Depression) and southern (Tagus and Guadiana basins) sub-plateaus.
The western part features eroded Paleozoic rocks, granite, and slate. The Central System, an east-west ridge, divides the
Read MoreCatalonia’s Natural Resources: Water, Soil, and Vegetation
Humid Catalonia: A Land Shaped by Rainfall
Humid Catalonia is characterized by significant rainfall, exceeding 700 millimeters annually. This climate and the nival regime contribute to Catalonia’s main water reserves. Mediterranean vegetation transitions to deciduous forests (oak, beech) and coniferous forests (fir, pine).
Two Regions of Humid Catalonia
1. Eastern Region: This mountainous area, between the Pyrenees and the coastal range (400-1700 meters), receives 800-1800 millimeters of rainfall yearly.
Read MoreEnvironmental Challenges and Sustainable Solutions
1. Environmental Sciences
Ecosystems consist of a physical space with environmental factors (temperature, salinity, humidity) and biotic components (living organisms). Humans extract resources from ecosystems, impacting the environment. Environmental sciences study ecosystems from various disciplines (geology, chemistry, biology, law, ethics, etc.).
2. Resource Overexploitation
Natural resources are everything humanity uses from nature. Resources can be non-renewable (limited quantities, e.g., oil)
Read MoreEarth’s Surface Processes: A Comprehensive Overview
1. Geomorphology
Geometry and Structure of Relief
Geomorphology aims to reconstruct Earth’s surface history and predict future changes. Landforms are a synthesis of past geological processes.
Morphometry
Morphometry studies landform parameters using mathematical procedures. Any landform can be broken down into simpler shapes, ultimately represented by slopes. This system classifies terrain based on geometric complexity. Morphometric mapping includes slope maps and other specialized maps.