Sewage Vetting: Treatment Processes & Low-Cost Technologies
Artificial Vetting of Sewage: Treatment Systems
Pretreatment
Objective: Prepare water for treatment by removing coarse solids, gravel, sand, and grease.
Processes:
- Grinding
- Sand Removal
- Degreasing
Taper: Removal of large solids using filtration screens and grates.
Desanding: Eliminates gravel and other objects. Sedimented objects are scraped and washed.
Degreasing: Removes fats and oils by reducing flow velocity, allowing them to surface.
Primary Treatment
Aims to reduce suspended solids in wastewater.
Processes:
Read MoreRock Formation and Transformation Processes
1.3 Magmatism and Plate Tectonics
Magmatism is a geological process linked to plate tectonics.
Construction at Edges: 80% of terrestrial magmatism occurs due to reduced pressure and increased temperature, producing basaltic magma that consolidates into plutonic gabbro.
Destructive Edges: 12% of high-temperature magma forms due to water presence. Magmas originate superficially (basaltic, leading to volcanic rocks) or deeper (high viscosity, forming plutonic granites) and intermediate (volcanic andesites
Read MoreElectricity Generation and Distribution: Power Plants
Power Plants Producing Energy
The immediate need for large quantities of electricity requires power plants that convert primary energy into electrical energy. These facilities have driving machines and equipment to generate electricity.
Production, Transportation, and Energy Consumption
The main element of most power plants, except photovoltaic, is the electric generator or alternator that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Electricity is transferred from power stations to consumption
Read MoreUnderstanding Tectonic Plates and Ocean Formation
Characteristics of Oceanic Ridges
The oceanic ridge is an undersea mountain range rising above the abyssal plain. Its route is interrupted by lateral fractures called transform faults.
Seabed Ages
1) Existing rock at the ridges: Basalts at the oceanic ridges are less than a million years old.
2) Older oceanic crust separating from the ridge: The age of basaltic rock increases as we move away from the ridge.
3) Sediment thickness related to seafloor age: The ridge is devoid of sediment.
Seafloor Spreading
The
Read MoreNuclear Reactors and Fusion: Energy Production
Uniformly Intrinsically Safe System
A nuclear reactor is a shielded device producing controlled nuclear reactions for energy, fissile material, or research. It minimizes environmental impact and radioactivity through careful material selection. While emitting no harmful gases, it produces long-lasting radioactive waste.
Current research focuses on:
- Inertial confinement: Fusion via particle or laser beams.
- Magnetic confinement: Fusing material in a magnetic field to achieve necessary temperature and
Understanding Energy: Sources and Systems
Energy Essentials
Energy is essential for all events in the universe, from planetary motions to the activities of living beings. It drives tectonic movements, the water cycle, and ocean currents.
Energy Use
Energy is a necessity for all living organisms. Humans utilize two forms of energy:
- Internal energy (endosomatic): Energy consumed for body maintenance.
- External energy (exosomatic): Energy used for operating devices and machines, enabling lighting, heating, transportation, etc.