Earth’s Layers, Seismic Waves, and Plate Tectonics
Earth’s Compositional Layers
Crust: Composed of less dense rocks rich in silicon and aluminum.
Mantle: Made up of denser rock rich in peridotite and magnesium.
Core: Principally made up of iron.
Earth’s Physical Layers
Lithosphere: The rigid surface layer.
Asthenosphere: The area of the lithosphere where the mantle is ductile and partially molten.
Lower Mantle: Solid but flexible and ductile.
Core: Consists of a molten outer layer and a solid inner part.
Seismic Waves
Primary Waves (P): The fastest waves,
Read MoreCore Science Concepts: Earth, Life, and Data
Understanding Statistical Concepts
Scientists refer to a normal distribution or bell curve when data is grouped symmetrically around the mean.
Scientists calculate the mean by adding all the data points and dividing the sum by the number of data points (individuals).
The numerical ratio representing the chance of an event occurring, like winning the lottery, is called probability.
Scientific Models and Decision Making
Types of Scientific Models
Scientists use various types of models, including:
- Physical
Climate of Spain and the Canary Islands
The warm current of the Gulf of Mexico influences the Galician coast, providing warm water. A branch breaks off and heads west towards the Canary Islands. While encountering warmer waters to reach the archipelago, this current, known as the Canary Current, has lower temperatures than the surrounding water body. This temperature difference increases air stability during summer.
Relief
The orientation (upwind or downwind) and height of the terrain influence thermal gradients. The primarily zonal orientation
Read MoreElements and Principles of Art: A Concise Guide
Elements and Principles of Art
The Point: The point is the basic element. A simple mark made with a tool on a surface is perceived as a point.
Weight Composition
Weight composition involves using areas and lines to structure the artwork. These include vertical, horizontal, and diagonal axes, as well as the center, sides, top, and bottom. The placement of elements within these structural areas determines the overall weight composition.
A balanced harmonic compositional weight is achieved through careful
Read MoreLand Use & Transportation Planning Quizzes
Quiz 9
Accessibility Indicators and Transportation
1. What are the Accessibility Indicators? Circle all applicable options.
- a, b, c, d
2. List four transportation facilities.
- Sidewalks
- Parking lots
- Transit stops
- Roads
3. List four Urban Land use infrastructure facilities.
- Transportation
- Water & sewer
- Recreation & education
- Health & safety
4. Specific to sewer and water services, what kind of physical attributes are considered in land use planning?
- Sewer service relies mostly on gravity flows.
- Water
Igneous, Metamorphic Rocks: Textures, Uses, and Formation
Igneous Rock Textures and Magmatism
The magmatic texture is the overall appearance of an igneous rock based on the size, shape, and arrangement of its minerals.
Plutonic Texture: All the minerals are crystallized, and the crystal size is roughly the same. This texture indicates that the magma cooled very slowly, over millions of years, allowing sufficient time for crystals to grow.
Porphyritic Texture: This texture consists of large crystals (phenocrysts) surrounded by microscopic crystals, thin and