Marine Bacteria: Metabolism, Habitats, and Ecological Roles
Are Marine Bacteria Oligotrophic, Psychrophilic, Mesophilic, or Barophilic?
Marine bacteria can be oligotrophic (thriving in low-nutrient environments), psychrophilic (cold-loving), mesophilic (moderate temperature-loving), or barophilic (pressure-loving), depending on the species and their specific environment.
Metabolism of Nitrobacter to Incorporate Cellular Carbon
Nitrobacter incorporates cellular carbon through the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, using the energy generated from the oxidation of nitrite
Read MoreOptical Physics and Gravitational Fields: Principles and Phenomena
Optical Physics
Scientific Methods
Described since the 17th century, plasmonics can be traced back to Galileo Galilei.
S5aC
Leucippus and Democritus proposed that vision was preferentially produced by objects’ images that reach the eyes and then the soul, giving life to individuals’ vision.
17th Century
At the end of the Pythagorean school, the eyes were thought to emit a beam of fire that caught invisible entities. In the 17th century, rational Arabs introduced concepts close to those studied by scientists.
Read MoreAesthetics: From Plato to Heidegger
Plato
Plato believed that beauty is related to dialectics, morality, politics, and education. He believed that beauty has an inherent moral value. In Plato’s view, beauty is associated with the good and the true. He distrusted the capacity of artists for seduction, as they produce pleasure. He believed that the arts should be controlled and used for educational purposes in society.
Plato’s Condemnation of the Arts
Plato condemned the arts for the following reasons:
- He condemned the dramatic arts because
Descartes’ Proof of God’s Existence and the Method of Doubt
The Existence of God According to Descartes
The existence of God is not innate. Descartes discovered the way to identify with God through infinity. This is not an advantageous or factitious way. Experience is not external, because experiences are always our special realities. Being shows how it is finite. Beings cannot be factitious. The comings and goings of finite beings proceed from the finite. That said, only the first cause is innate. I am limited (this demonstrates what I doubt), then the first
Read MoreKant’s Critique of Pure Reason: Metaphysics as Science
Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason
Immanuel Kant
Contextualization.
This text pertains to Critique of Pure Reason (1781). The basic problem Kant addresses is whether metaphysics can be a science. Immanuel Kant was born in 1724 in Königsberg, Prussia, one of four children. His father was a craftsman of modest means. His mother’s influence on his education was significant. These were the first notable events in his life. He dedicated his life to teaching, eventually becoming a professor and rector at the
Read MorePopulation Dynamics and Migration in Spain: Trends and Analysis
1-D Nature of Population Dynamics
The natural growth or decline of a population is the result of births and deaths. Formulas:
Natural growth = births – deaths.
Birth rate = (number of births in 1 year / total population) x 1000.
Fertility rate = (number of births in 1 year / number of women of childbearing age (15 to 49 years)) x 1000.
Synthetic fertility rate = average number of children per woman.
Mortality rate = (number of deaths in 1 year / total population) x 1000.
Infant mortality rate = (number