Understanding Development: Goals, Indicators, and Concepts
Introduction to Development
Different people can have different developmental goals. What may be development for one may not be development for another. It may even be destructive for the other. For example, a dam may be a developmental goal for an industrialist, but the same dam can create havoc with the lives of people who need to be evacuated in the catchment area.
Different people have different developmental needs. These needs are based on their particular life situations. For example, for a
Read MoreUrban Network Development: Pre-Industrial to Post-Industrial
Stages in the Formation of the Urban Network
Pre-Industrial Development
Rome marked the beginning of the urbanization process. The subsequent decline of the Roman Empire led to a phase of de-urbanization. In Andalusia, a Media Center has established itself as an urban spread. Following the discovery of America, the Atlantic gained prominence, shifting development westward. In the Early Modern period, key characteristics of settlements included:
- A scattered population along the Atlantic coast.
- Mid-size
Spanish Rural and Fisheries Landscapes: Evolution
Evolution of Rural Areas in Spain
GOD elevated products have prices, the existence of surpluses, environmental degradation, and depopulation of rural areas.
Uses of Rural Areas
Transformation and knowledge: Agriculture lost weight, livestock increased, and forestry production stabilized.
Agricultural Activities
Agriculture based on polyculture techniques resulted in delays because the poor performance was oriented towards production for self-consumption.
Changes:
- Processed on-farm structure: mechanization,
Modernization and Primary Sector Activities in Spain
Recent Modernization in Spain
Key economic indicators:
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The sum of all goods and services produced in a year, deducting the portion attributed to foreign goods and services and adding income obtained in other countries.
- Per Capita Income: Calculated by dividing the GDP by the total population.
- Well-being: Defined as the equality of opportunities, extended to all, to access tangible or intangible assets considered socially desirable.
Characteristics of modernization:
- Stable
Urbanization and City Hierarchy in Spain: Trends & Analysis
Urbanization in Spain: A Population Perspective
The urbanization of the population, closely linked to migration, has two primary consequences:
- Rural exodus, leading to the depopulation of the countryside and the abandonment of small villages.
- Population growth in urban centers.
This process has been particularly pronounced in Spain over the last 50 years, resulting in a significant increase in the urbanization rate. We can identify four distinct stages:
1900-1930: Early Urban Growth
Immigration fueled
Read MoreAfrica, America, and Oceania: Key Characteristics & Development
General Africa: Key Characteristics
Africa is characterized by a small population, a high birth rate, and many underdeveloped countries. Key features include:
- High infant mortality
- Illiteracy
- Low GDP
- High level of external debt
North Africa
This region is slightly more developed.
Sub-Saharan Africa
It is the least developed region, with low life expectancy and very high infant mortality.
North Africa: Detailed Analysis
Population
A young population with a high birth rate. Many people emigrate to Europe.
Economy
Subsistence
Read More