Oil’s Global Influence: Economy, Geopolitics, and Future
The Enduring Power of Oil
Oil has been incredibly useful to humans since the earliest times, growing to become the main engine of the world economy in our modern industrial age. Its knowledge and use date back thousands of years, but it was the modern discovery and invention of machinery for its exploitation that brought it to prominence on the international stage.
This vital resource is a key part of modern society, essential for daily life. However, its use brings with it a major problem: although
Read MoreSpain’s Economic and Demographic Transformation Post-Civil War
Economic and Demographic Shifts in Spain
During the 1960s, industrial production in Spain grew by nearly 160%, and per capita income multiplied eightfold. Spain transitioned from a rural to an industrialized nation. To support this new industry, solutions were needed. The expansion of Western countries facilitated a large influx of tourists, bringing in foreign currency that served as potential financing. Repressive working conditions led European countries to establish businesses in Spain. A surplus
Read MoreComprehensive Environmental Science: Biodiversity to Sustainability
Levels of Biodiversity
Biodiversity is typically explored at three main levels: * Genetic Diversity: This is the variation of genes within a species. Every individual within a species has a unique genetic makeup. High genetic diversity within a species allows for greater adaptability to environmental changes, disease resistance, and long-term survival. For example, different varieties of rice or different breeds of dogs represent genetic diversity within their respective species.* Species Diversity:
Read MoreSpain’s Late 19th Century Challenges & Industrial Age Shifts
Spain’s Late 19th Century Political Challenges
Key Problems of the Restoration Era
Oligarchism and Caciquism
This system involved the manipulation of election results by local governors or social leaders (caciques). Methods included vote buying, arbitrary restrictions on suffrage, and other forms of coercion. This led to the marginalization of other political parties, such as Democrats, Republicans, Carlists, and Socialists, as the two main parties effectively controlled elections through these oligarchic
Spanish Agriculture & Aquaculture: Livestock, Fisheries, and Key Concepts
Aquaculture in Spain
In Spain, two-thirds of aquaculture production is private, with the remaining third being public. There is one essential difference between them: private production is typically geared towards human consumption, while public aquaculture focuses its activity towards egg production and/or fingerlings for restocking.
Freshwater Aquaculture
Private fish farms primarily focus their production on rainbow trout, as it is the species that best breeds and reproduces in captivity. An estimated
Read MoreOld Regime to Liberalism: Key Transformations in Spanish History
The Old Regime vs. Liberalism: A Comparative Analysis
Political Systems
- Old Regime: Sovereignty of the king, divine origin, absolute power. Systems: absolute monarchy, enlightened despotism.
- Liberalism: National sovereignty, constitution, separation of powers. System: parliamentary monarchy, republic.
Social Structures
- Old Regime: Stratified society, separation by birth. Privileged nobility and clergy, unprivileged common people (Third Estate).
- Liberalism: Class society, separation according to wealth.