Spanish Urban System: Structure and Dynamics
Spanish Urban System (SPNL)
The Spanish Urban System (SPNL) relates to cities and their surroundings by creating other city systems, particularly in cities that have experienced significant changes.
Characteristics
The urban system is constituted by a set of interrelated cities.
Urban System Parts:
- Size: A rule is established according to size range, assigning each city a tidying range based on its population. In Spain, the largest urban agglomerations (over 500,000 inhabitants) are considered. Madrid
Urbanization and Climate in Spain
Urbanization in Spain
The Urbanization Process
Urbanization is the increasing concentration of population and economic activity in cities. It involves the spread of urban characteristics to surrounding areas. The process has several stages:
Pre-Industrial Urbanization (Before 19th Century)
- Urbanization Rate: Stable, no more than 10% of the total population lived in urban areas.
- Average City Size: Around 5,000-10,000 people.
- Factors: Military strategy, political administration, economic activity, religious
Agriculture and Livestock: Factors, Types, and Impact
Agriculture: Cultivation and Factors
Agriculture is the cultivation of land to obtain products for human consumption. In developed countries, agriculture employs less than 5% of the workforce, while in developing countries, it can engage up to 80% of the population.
Physical Factors Influencing Agriculture
- Climate: Each plant requires specific temperature and humidity conditions.
- Relief: Altitude and slope determine land suitability for farming.
- Soil: Each plant needs land with suitable characteristics.
Ecology, Human Impact, and Evolution: Key Concepts
Ecology and Human Benefits
Ecology provides crucial information about the benefits of ecosystems and sustainable resource use for future generations.
- Improves our environment by addressing poor water quality and pollution.
- Helps manage natural resources, including endangered species protection and forest management.
- Protects human health through processes like marshes and wetlands filtering toxins, and biomedical applications of plants and animals.
Human Activities and Ecosystem Impact
Human activities
Migration in Spain: Internal, External, and Immigration
Migratory Movements
Migration is the movement of people in space. Emigration is moving out of a place. Immigration is the opposite. The difference between them is net migration, which can be positive or negative.
Internal Migration
Internal migrations take place within the borders of a country. These may include:
- Temporary: Whose duration is limited. Previously associated with agricultural work such as transhumance and certain tasks in the collection.
- Final: The rural exodus is the massive displacement
World Population and Migration: Trends and Factors
World Population: Trends and Factors
World population refers to the total number of inhabitants. Population density is the relationship between people and surface area. Areas can be classified as:
- Sparsely populated: About 10 inhabitants/km2
- Moderately populated: 50-80 inhabitants/km2
Population evolves through several factors:
- Birth rate: The number of births in a population.
- Fecundity: The average number of children a woman is expected to have.
- Mortality: The number of deaths in a population.
- Migrations: