Harappan Civilization: Society, Urban Life, and Agriculture
Functions of Rulers in Harappan Society
Archaeologists have differing opinions on the structure of leadership in the Harappan society. Some believe there were no rulers, and everyone held equal status. Others propose that there wasn’t a single ruler, but several.
Evidence suggests a remarkable uniformity in Harappan artifacts, including pottery, seals, weights, and bricks. Notably, bricks, despite not being produced in a single location, maintained a consistent ratio across the entire region, from
Crowns of Castile and Aragon: History & Legacy
The Crown of Castile
Castile and Leon joined and separated several times. In 1230, the final union occurred when Ferdinand III inherited both kingdoms and founded the Crown of Castile. This Crown emerged as the most powerful. In 1085, Alfonso VI took Toledo. King Ferdinand III and Alfonso X conquered most of Andalusia. Castile, in the twelfth century, suffered the loss of Portugal, which became independent.
Government
The Crown of Castile was a single state, with the same institutions and one law.
Read MoreWorld Ecosystems: Characteristics and Inhabitants
Medium Landscape
A medium landscape is a geographical area of variable extension representing different characteristics from other areas.
Types
A natural interface exists between relief, soil, climate, water, vegetation, and fauna where human beings do not intervene or have never intervened. In a humanized environment, people make changes to the environment. Few natural resources remain unchanged.
Hot Climates
Jungle
High temperatures and abundant rainfall throughout the year. Dense forest and lush, perennial
Read MoreCapitalism and the Global Economy: Impact and Disparities
Capitalism and the Global Economy
What is Capitalism?
Capitalism is an economic system based on private property and the existence of a free market and competition in which products, services, and jobs are traded.
The Global Economy (GLO Economy)
Globalization produces a great interdependence between the economies of different countries and between different production systems. It creates an economy integrated into a single global economic system, organized under the principles of capitalism. The global
Read MoreUnderstanding Biodiversity: Importance, Threats, and Conservation
Understanding Biodiversity
Definition: Biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth, its biological diversity is commonly referred to as biodiversity. Biodiversity is important because a larger number of plant species means a greater variety of crops; greater species diversity ensures natural sustainability.
The Importance of Biodiversity
A healthy biodiversity provides a number of natural services for everyone:
Ecosystem Services:
- Protection of water resources
- Soil formation and protection
- Nutrient storage
Environmental Issues and Urban Development Explained
Environmental Issues and Their Impact
Air Pollution
Air pollution originates from industrial emissions. Its consequences include:
- Global warming due to increased CO2 and other gases.
- Thinning of the ozone layer due to CFCs.
- Air pollution in cities from traffic and industrial activities.
Water Exploitation and Pollution
The exploitation of water results from excessive consumption.
- Freshwater pollution is caused by untreated discharges from agricultural and urban activities.
- Oceans and seas are polluted by