The Rise of Islam: From Prophet Muhammad to the Caliphates

The Prophet Muhammad and the Dawn of Islam

Life and Mission

Muhammad, the unique Prophet of Islam, was born in Mecca in the year 571. He was an educated man, devoted to trade and meditation. According to tradition, in 610, he received the first revelation in which the Archangel Gabriel announced his prophetic mission and ordered him to preach the new religion of Allah. The configuration of the Islamic religion took place between this first revelation and Muhammad’s death as the sole prophet of Allah.

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Pioneers of Paleontology: Discoveries and Influences

Pioneering Paleoartists

Charles R. Knight (1874 – 1953)

  • An American wildlife and paleoartist best known for his paintings of prehistoric animals.
  • His works were featured at the American Museum of Natural History (New York City) and the Field Museum (Chicago).

Zdeněk Burian (1905 – 1981)

  • A Czech painter, book illustrator, and paleoartist.
  • Played an important role in the development of paleontological reconstruction.
  • Recognized as one of the most influential paleoartists of all time.

Rudolph F. Zallinger

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Key Aspects of Agricultural Development in Spain

Land Tenure and Farm Regimes in Spain

Spanish agriculture faces challenges such as owner absenteeism, inefficient resource utilization, and limited land cultivation. The farm serves as the basic unit for a range of agricultural activities.

Understanding Farm Regimes

Land tenure refers to the relationship established between the land operator and the property owner. We distinguish between two main regimes:

  • Direct Tendency Regime: Occurs when the owner and the operator of the land are the same person.
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Argentina’s Border Demarcation: Treaties and Arbitrations

Argentina’s International Borders: Key Agreements and Disputes

Uruguay Border Agreements

Río Uruguay (1961)

The boundary along the Río Uruguay was defined in 1961. From the Brazilian island to the Salto Grande Dam, the midline of the river is followed. From the reservoir to Punta Gorda, the deepest channel, known as the Vanguardia, is used. A reservation was made stating that Filomena, Juanico, and Mayor Islands are Uruguayan territory.

Río de la Plata (1973)

The 1973 agreement for the Río de la

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Key Concepts in Sustainable Development and Ecological Footprint

Sustainable Development & Environmental Concepts Quiz

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Sustainable development focuses on more use of:

  • A. Renewable Resources
  • B. Abiotic resources
  • C. Agricultural resources
  • D. Natural resources

2. The main agenda of the “Kyoto Protocol” was:

  • A. Reduce Greenhouse Gases
  • B. Maintain sustainability
  • C. Preserve the forest
  • D. Economic development

3. Which of the following remains the same for all countries, changing slightly from year to year?

  • A. Yield Factor
  • B. Biocapacity
  • C. Equivalence
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International Trade and Economic Profiles: USA, Canada, Japan, Venezuela

North American Economic Landscape

United States and Canada: Geographic Overview

The United States and Canada are located in the northernmost part of the American Continent, forming part of Anglo-Saxon America.

  • North Boundary: Arctic Ocean
  • South Boundary (Canada): United States
  • East Boundary: Atlantic Ocean
  • West Boundary: Pacific Ocean

Economic Importance of USA and Canada

The USA and Canada share a similar geographical environment, leading to comparable economic activities. Both nations are significant

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