Spain’s 19th Century Liberal Revolution & Economic Reforms
The Liberal Revolution and Institutional Changes in Spain
The term Liberal Revolution applies especially to the Spanish revolutionary process that began with the Cortes of Cadiz and continued through the Liberal Triennium and the early reign of Isabel II, coinciding with the Carlist Wars.
The core principles of liberalism include:
- Freedom
- Equality
- Property Rights
In Spain, a pact emerged between the liberal bourgeoisie, who spearheaded the change, and the upper classes. This alliance ultimately brought
Read MoreMedieval Iberian Peninsula: Christian Kingdoms and Cultural Coexistence
The Iberian Peninsula in the Middle Ages
The First Christian Resistance Nuclei
The early stages of Christian resistance against Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula saw the formation of distinct nuclei:
The Asturian Core
In 722, a Visigothic nobleman, Pelayo, and the Asturians defeated a Muslim expeditionary force at Covadonga. From that moment, the Kingdom of Asturias began to organize. Alfonso I (739-757) inherited the Visigothic legacy. Alfonso II (791-842) established the capital at Oviedo. Alfonso
Essential Demographic and Urban Geography Definitions
Settlement
An area where people live.
Population
A group of people inhabiting a given site.
Census
The official count of people in a place at a particular time.
Municipal Census
The official count of people within a municipality.
Legal Population (Población de Derecho)
People living in a municipality, both present and absent, at the time of the census.
De Facto Population (Población de Hecho)
The sum of residents and passersby in a municipality at the time of the census.
Population Dynamics
Indicates how a
Read MoreService Sector Essentials: Trade, Transport, and Tourism
The Tertiary Sector: Services, Trade & Tourism
Understanding the Tertiary Sector
The tertiary sector, also known as the service sector, provides essential services to people. These include vital areas such as healthcare, education, and transport. It is currently the fastest-growing economic sector globally.
Services and Economic Growth
The economic value and the number of workers employed in the tertiary sector have significantly increased, a phenomenon known as tertiarization. Developed countries
Read MoreKey Concepts in Economy, Transport, and Tourism
Glossary of Economic, Transport, and Tourism Terms
Economic Concepts
Outsourcing
Outsourcing is the process by which a sector of the economy gains weight relative to other sectors, becoming primary in terms of both workforce and contribution to GDP.
Production Services
These services support the tertiary industry. Production activities, in terms of employment, can exceed the product itself, which tends to be reduced by increased mechanization.
Transport and Logistics
Transport Network
The transport network
Read MoreOil’s Global Influence: Economy, Geopolitics, and Future
The Enduring Power of Oil
Oil has been incredibly useful to humans since the earliest times, growing to become the main engine of the world economy in our modern industrial age. Its knowledge and use date back thousands of years, but it was the modern discovery and invention of machinery for its exploitation that brought it to prominence on the international stage.
This vital resource is a key part of modern society, essential for daily life. However, its use brings with it a major problem: although
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