Rural and Urban Habitats: Settlement Patterns and City Design

Where Do People Live?

People live in specific environments called habitats. There are two main types of habitats: rural and urban.

The Rural Habitat

People who live in a rural habitat live in the country. There are two types of rural communities:

  • Scattered community: Dwellings are far apart, separated by the fields where families cultivate the land.
  • Concentrated community: Dwellings and other buildings are grouped together to form villages or small towns. Agricultural activity is located around the village
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Mortality Rate and Life Expectancy: Key Health Indicators

Mortality Rate and Life Expectancy

Definition:

  • Mortality rate: A measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a population, per unit of time.
  • Mortality rate is typically expressed in units of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year.

Background:

The death certificate with the causes of death is the basis for the report of death cases. It is reported in accordance with the nomenclature developed by the International Classification of Diseases, international form (WHO).

Mortality

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The Catholic Monarchs: Unification and Expansion of Spain

The Catholic Monarchs: A Dynastic Union

After a civil war with Juana la Beltraneja, Isabella of Castile ascended to the throne. To gain more political support, Isabella married Ferdinand of Aragon, who was then proclaimed King of Castile. This union was dynastic; the realms remained separate but under the joint rule of both monarchs.

Upon Isabella’s death, the crown of Castile passed to their daughter Joanna, known as Juana la Loca (Joanna the Mad). However, after disabling her and sending her to

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Understanding the European Union, Spain, and Canary Islands

Countries of the European Union

Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden.

Key EU Institutions

The Council

The main political body, attended by ministers from all member countries. Its functions include:

  • Passing European laws
  • Coordinating economic policies
  • Approving the budget (along with Parliament)
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The Old Regime: A Comprehensive Analysis

The Old Regime: Society, Politics, and Economy

The Old Regime was a set of social relations that characterized the economic and political societies of central Europe.

Function of the Old Regime

Society operated as an economic system that relied on agriculture and an absolute monarchy.

Social Structure

Class Society

  • Nobility: Divided into high and low nobility. The high nobility received significant income from seignorial rights, while the low nobility did not.
  • Clergy: Also divided into high and low clergy.
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Understanding Economic and Urban Sectors: Key Concepts

Economic and Urban Sectors: Key Concepts

Tertiary Sector – Offers services and activities.

Tertiary Sector Economic – Encompasses all companies developing their activities (transportation, trade, advertising, etc.).

Tertiary Sector Social Welfare – Includes services that society needs (health, justice, leisure, etc.).

Directional Tertiary Sector / Higher / Quaternary – Activities related to the management, planning, and control of public institutions, enterprises, and society (public officials, senior

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