Spain in the 19th Century: Society and Economy
Population and Demographics in 19th Century Spain
Population Growth: Population growth was moderated by maintaining high rates of both low birth and mortality rates.
Distribution of the Population: There was a stark contrast between the densely populated coastal periphery and the sparsely inhabited center of the peninsula. Contrasts also existed between rural and urban areas. The majority of the population continued to live in the countryside, although cities grew due to rural exodus, particularly
Read MorePamplona’s Urban Development: Old Town to Periphery
Pamplona’s Urban Development: A Comprehensive View
Pamplona has a complex urban plan, in which different areas can be seen throughout the different stages of urban development: the Old Town, the Ensanche (Widening), and the Periphery.
The Old Town: Roman Origins and Medieval Structure
The Old Town has a Roman origin, dating back to the camp established by Pompey on the remains of an old Vascon settlement. It preserves walls rebuilt after the incorporation of Navarre into Castile, which had defensive
Read MoreLand, Rail, and Maritime Transport Networks in Spain
Land Transport Networks: Impact on Space
Transport networks are major factors in shaping both urban and rural landscapes. A railroad, road, or highway can divide or isolate a city. In rural areas, several problems arise. Modern roadways require underpasses to facilitate the movement of animals. Construction often involves the destruction of natural vegetation and creates obstacles to natural water flow.
Relationship with Space
Three elements determine the relationship between road networks and space:
Read MoreSpace Impact: Demographic, Settlement, and Economic Analysis
Space Impact:
Impact Demographic:
- Coastal areas: Population has increased, with young adults seeking employment and other adults or seniors permanently establishing businesses or therapeutic services. This increases employment in the tertiary sector and construction.
- Rural and mountainous areas and some cities: The decline in historical development has slowed, stimulating the rehabilitation of crafts and traditions.
Impact on Settlement:
- Settlement extends along the coast with urban, high-density construction,
Key Terms: Understanding 18th Century Society and Economics
Key Terms: Unit 1
- Import-Export: Buying goods from another country, the opposite of exporting (selling goods).
- Limited Suffrage: The right to vote restricted by race, sex, belief, sexual orientation, and especially wealth or social status.
- Manufacture: The process of producing goods in large quantities using machinery in large buildings, with economic support from the State.
- Mercantilism: An economic system designed to maximize a country’s exports and its accumulation of gold and silver. It is the
Industrial Revolution: Transport, Energy, and Corporate Evolution
The Railway Age
The Railway Age was made possible by two key advances:
- The steam engine, which powered locomotives.
- Iron, the raw material used to build trains and railways.
In 1830, the first public transport railway line opened, running between Liverpool and Manchester. Technical advances made the railway a fast, safe, and cheap means of transport. It also:
- Promoted mining by increasing the demand for coal.
- Boosted the iron industry, which supplied the iron needed to build trains and railways.