Types of Farming and Cropping Patterns in India

Types of Farming in India

Primitive Subsistence Farming

This type of farming, practiced on small patches of land, utilizes primitive tools and family/community labor. Primarily dependent on monsoon and natural soil fertility, crops are cultivated based on environmental suitability. Also known as ‘slash and burn’ agriculture, this method involves clearing land by slashing vegetation and burning it, with the resulting ash mixed into the soil for cultivation. This farming produces just enough for sustenance,

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Sustainable Use of Biosphere Resources for Human Development

Resources and Uses of the Human Being Biosphere

Development of the Human Species

The development of the human species is conditioned by the availability of food.

Paleolithic Era

  • Hunting and gathering enough food
  • Population: 8 million people

Neolithic Era

  • Emergence of agriculture and livestock
  • First expansion of mankind
  • The man and the biosphere

Population Growth and Resource Demand

  • Principles of the 19th Century: 1 billion population
  • Principles of the 20th Century: 1.6 billion population
  • World Population 2011:
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Understanding Roadway Features and Regulations

Roadway Terminology

Definitions

Trace Conditioning: The modernization of a highway affecting its cross-section, plant, or design.

Berma: A longitudinal strip, paved or unpaved, between the outer edge of the curb or shoulder and the slope.

Calzada Service: Service road.

Agricultural Way: Service road primarily for access to rural properties, with traffic mainly consisting of agricultural tractors and machinery.

Road Service: Built as an auxiliary or complement to the specific activities of the owners.

Beltway:

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Key Environmental Agreements: A Historical Overview and Analysis

Early Environmental Concerns and the Law of the Sea

The environmental issue has long been a concern, particularly when human health is affected. This concern led to the first international environmental agreements, such as the Law of the Sea, initially signed in London in 1954. This convention aimed to prevent marine pollution by oil and was followed by several annexes and protocols:

  • 1974 Protocol (London): Addressed pollution by substances other than oil.
  • 1978 Protocol: Focused on the prevention
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The Spanish Constitution and the European Union: A Comprehensive Guide

The Spanish Constitution: The Supreme Law of the Land

The Spanish Constitution is the fundamental law that governs Spanish society. It dictates the organization of the state, the rights and responsibilities of its citizens, and the framework for all other laws. Adopted in 1978, it serves as the ultimate legal authority in Spain.

Spain: A Social and Democratic State

Spain is defined as a social and democratic state, upholding the principles of social justice and guaranteeing the rights and freedoms

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Society & Economy in Spain’s Restoration (1875-1931)

1. Demographic Growth and Migration in Spain’s Restoration

Throughout the 19th century, Spain’s population was characterized by:

1.1 Slow Population Growth

Compared to other European countries, Spain’s population grew at a slower pace, failing to double in a century. This moderate growth reflected Spain’s economic lag compared to industrialized European nations.

1.2 Persistence of Traditional Demographic Patterns

Until the early 20th century, Spain maintained high mortality and birth rates, coupled with

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