Petroleum Traps: Fault, Stratigraphic, and Combination Types
Fault Traps
The faulting of stratified rock occurs as a result of vertical and horizontal stress. At some point, the rock layers break, resulting in the rock faces along the fracture moving or slipping past each other into an offset position. A fault trap is formed when the faulted formations are tilted toward the vertical. When a non-porous rock face is moved into a position above and opposite a porous rock face, it seals off the natural flow of the hydrocarbons, allowing them to accumulate.
Types
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Understanding Population Dynamics
The birth rate is the number of births in a population in a specific period. It is measured by the crude birth rate (CBR). The total fertility rate (TFR) is an estimate of the average number of children that a woman has during her lifetime. A minimum of 2.1 children per woman allows generational replacement to take place. However, in developed countries today, the rate is only 1.6 children per woman.
The death rate is the number of deaths in a population in a specific
Read More18th-Century Spain: Reforms, Society & Art
18th-Century Spain: Reforms and Society
Significant changes took place in the 18th century due to social reforms introduced by enlightened monarchs.
Economic Changes
- Agriculture: Harvests improved due to crop rotation and agricultural machinery, increasing productivity. Repopulation also increased production, and new crops were introduced.
- Craftsmanship: Population growth led to increased demand for goods. The domestic system of production (especially textiles) became more important. Royal manufactures
Natural Resources: Renewable and Non-Renewable
Natural resources are assets that humanity obtains from the physical environment to meet their biological or social needs.
- Renewable resources are those that regenerate naturally at a rate equal to or greater than the pace at which they are exploited by society.
- Non-renewable resources are generated in nature so slowly that, for practical reasons, they are considered to exist in finite quantities.
Fossil Fuels
The three main fossil fuels:
Oil: Accounts for 40% of global energy. The process of oil consumption
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Impact of Industrial Relocation
The impact of relocation varies between countries. In developed economies, industrial relocation has had two main consequences:
- Loss of direct and indirect jobs, precariousness of working conditions, and closure of some plants.
- Companies have lowered the price of their manufactured products, making them more competitive.
Developing economies have received transplanted industries and activities, leading to:
- Positive effects: Job creation and increased income.
- Negative effects:
Key Economic and Industrial Terms
Economic Concepts
- Economy: System that organizes the use of a country’s resources.
- Economic System: Way a society organizes its economy.
- Economic Agent: Person, group, or institution that activates the economy.
- Globalization: A process of integration that affects economic, political, and cultural systems across geographical boundaries.
- Resource: Thing a person or country has that can be used for economic benefit.
- Goods: Objects that have a use or value for the person who possesses them.
- Factor of Production: