Colonial Expansion in Africa and Asia: A Historical Overview
Colonial Expansion in Africa and Asia
Rapid Occupation of Africa
In 1884, only 15% of Africa was under European control. By 1902, this number had surged to 90%. By 1914, only Liberia and Abyssinia remained independent. The Berlin Conference was convened to divide Africa among European powers.
Expansion of Japan
Japan’s industrial output expanded rapidly in the late 19th century. It gained control of Korea and Manchuria, leading to the Sino-Japanese War of 1894. Japan’s victory turned these territories
Read MoreSpanish Colonization of the Americas: Discovery, Conquest, and Impact
– The Discovery of America
The discovery of America marks the peak of Spanish expansion from the Atlantic. It was made possible by advancements in navigation technology, an economic drive to find new routes to Asia for spices, gold, and silk, and the desire to spread Christianity. This discovery originated from a project to reach Asia by sailing west. Initially rejected by John II of Portugal, the project was later presented to the Catholic Monarchs, who only accepted it after the conquest of Granada.
Read MoreEnvironmental Influence on Human Activity and its Impact
Item 4. The Natural Landscapes and Nature-Society Interrelationships
Environmental Influence on Human Activity
1. The Natural Environment as a Resource
The environment provides humans with resources to meet their needs and economic demands. Its assessment has changed over time. The existence of certain resources can contribute to socioeconomic development in an area.
1.1 The Relief
Continental Relief:
- Settlements: Historically, settlements have sought the best sites.
- Agricultural Activity: Often unfavorable
Agricultural Landscapes of Spain: A Diverse Overview
Agricultural Landscapes of Spain
Wet Agricultural Landscape (North and Northwest)
This region features small, irregularly shaped, fenced plots. Narrow roads and irregular paths traverse the landscape. Natural vegetation thrives in rugged areas, while flatter areas are dedicated to intensive cultivation. Due to the wet climate, irrigation isn’t necessary, resulting in high productivity from modern farming practices. While traditionally densely populated, settlement is now dispersed, with houses spaced
Read MoreUrban Expansion and Neighborhoods in Industrial Cities (Mid-19th to Early 20th Century)
The Industrial City: Urban Expansion and Neighborhoods
Between the mid-nineteenth century and the first third of the twentieth century, cities that introduced modern industries attracted large rural populations and expanded beyond pre-industrial walls. Most cities outgrew their historical centers, leading to the demolition of old walls and their replacement with circular roads or boulevards that differentiated the old city from the new. This expansion led to the creation of bourgeois, industrial,
Read MoreDisentailment in 18th-19th Century Spain
Background
Disentailment, the confiscation of Church and noble lands, was implemented in 18th-century England and France. In England, the seizure of Catholic Church property by Anglicans (16th century) and the Enclosure Acts (17th century) transferred communal land to private ownership. In France, the National Assembly decreed the sale of Church and emigrant noble lands during the Revolution. Spain implemented similar measures in the 18th century, focusing on leasing public and municipal lands and
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