Rivers and Vegetation of the Iberian Peninsula
Rivers of the Iberian Peninsula
Factors Influencing Rivers
Peninsular rivers are conditioned by several factors:
- Climate: Rainfall significantly influences river flow throughout the year.
- Relief and Topography: These factors influence the organization of watersheds.
- Lithology: Determines the dominance of surface runoff or underground water.
- Vegetation: Slows evaporation, erosion, and flood risk.
- Human-made Works: Impact water supply and river regulation.
Fluvial Volume and Rate
a) River Flow
River flow is
Read MorePopulation Dynamics: Migration, Distribution, and Urban Transformations
Population Dynamics
Migration
Definition
Migration is the movement of a home with a change of residence.
Historical Migrations
- European Migration Overseas: The discovery of America offered emigration opportunities to many Europeans seeking a better life.
- Forced Migration of African Slaves: During the colonial era, many Africans were brought to America as slaves.
- Chinese Migration: In the 19th century, a large number of Chinese migrated to the United States and Southeast Asia.
International Migration Today
- USA:
19th Century Spain & Catalonia: Society, Economy, and Transformation
19th Century Spain & Catalonia
Population Growth and Migration
Population Growth
During the 19th century, mortality declined in Spain, with Catalonia experiencing a higher growth rate. This increase resulted from declining mortality and a stable or slightly increasing birth rate. Improved agricultural production and diet led to fewer serious diseases, further contributing to population growth.
Migrant Movements
Around 1860, many villagers migrated to Madrid, Barcelona, and Vizcaya. In Catalonia,
Read MorePopulation in Spain: Distribution, Trends, and Migration
Population in Spain
Definitions
Population
Population in fact means the persons present in each municipality at the time of a census or a municipal register. Population of law means the persons registered as resident or lawfully resident in a municipality at the time of a census or a census.
Data Sources
- Census: Individualized count of the population at a given time.
- Register office: Registration of inhabitants of a municipality. Also collects demographic, economic, and social implications of population.
Evolution of Agriculture and Agricultural Policy in Spain
1. From Subsistence to Market Economy
1.1 The Shift
Large landowners began selling products, generating income and concentrating capital, which later fueled industrial investments. Increased demand for food integrated agriculture into market circuits, with farmers becoming sellers and others buyers. Farmers cultivated products with higher demand, leading to a shift from traditional agriculture and impacting the rural population.
1.2 Capitalization of the Field
Traditional agriculture relied on land
Read MoreAgents and Economics of Agricultural Landscapes
Agents and Economics
Economic System
The economic system is based on several elements that are combined to obtain goods and services for consumers, provided by three sectors. These elements interact in the economic operators.
The Family
Families are involved in two ways: they are the main consumers and provide the necessary manpower to operate the economic system.
Enterprises
They are responsible for producing the goods and services.
The State
It acts as a producer and consumer of goods and services. Within
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