Population Dynamics in Spain: Birth, Fertility & Mortality Trends
Population Dynamics: Natural and Immigration
Natural
Birth and Fertility
Birth rates and fertility are concepts used to describe the reproductive capacity of a population, but they are not identical. Birth rate refers to births occurring within a population as a whole, whereas fertility is related to live births from the perspective of women of childbearing age, not the entire population.
Evolution of Birth and Fertility
Until recently, Spain had high birth rates compared to other European countries.
Read MoreUrbanization Process Since Neolithic Period: A Historical Overview
The Process of Urbanization
Since the Neolithic period, cities have experienced continuous growth, consistent with the increased level of civilization. The most brilliant civilizations were urban.
A- The Pre-Traditional City
It corresponds to the historical heritage from different historical eras. Its path is heterogeneous and irregular, and Spanish cities are the product of 2000 years of evolution.
- Pre-Roman Cities: There are no current traces of these cities. They were native Iberian and founded by
The Primary Sector in Spain and the EU: A Modern Overview
The Primary Sector in the EU
European Agriculture
Over 40% of the EU’s land is used for agriculture, contributing 2% to its GDP. Since the late 18th-century agricultural revolution, the sector has modernized, becoming technologically advanced, highly productive, and profitable.
- Mediterranean Landscapes: Combine rainfed agriculture (wheat, vine, and olive) with profitable irrigated market gardening.
- Central European Landscapes: Feature cereal crop rotation, with winter cereals (wheat, barley) and summer
Spain’s 60s: Economic Boom & Social Change Under Franco
Spain’s Transformation in the 1960s
Economic Growth and Modernization
During the 1960s, Spain experienced significant economic growth and societal modernization. Two factors fueled this expansion:
- Industrial Growth: Production increased at rates exceeding 7% annually.
- Expansion of Services: Tourism became a major economic activity.
Agricultural modernization through mechanization increased production while reducing labor needs. Foreign investment, attracted by low wages and taxes, further boosted growth.
Read MoreEvolution of Industrial Landscapes in Spain
1. Factors Influencing Industrial Location and Organization
Predicting and organizing a country’s industrial fabric is crucial for its economy. Understanding the factors that attract businesses to specific locations is essential. Several key factors play a significant role:
Social Factors:
- Presence of an organized entrepreneurial class.
- Availability of affordable labor.
- Proximity to political decision-making centers.
Spatial Factors:
- Access to raw materials.
- Presence of infrastructure and complementary
17th & 18th Century Philosophers: Hume, Descartes & More
17th & 18th Century Philosophers: Hume and Descartes
Hume and the Enlightenment
The historical context surrounding David Hume (1711-1776) is the 18th century, a period known as the Enlightenment. This era spanned the entire century, particularly from the 1688 Glorious Revolution in England until the French Revolution in 1789, though its development varied across different countries. The mid-18th century was relatively calm, preceded by religious wars and followed by revolutionary ones (American
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